Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter (UART) is a serial communication interface, which is usually be used for meeting the requirement of low-speed serial communication between devices. Because UART has outstanding performance in both supporting close-distance data transmission and long-distance data transmission, it is used widely in computers and numerous other devices requiring data transmission. The first part of this paper illustrates the early development history, current progress, structure, and operating principle of UART. In the second part, a design of UART circuit module based on FPGA is introduced, which include the sending module, receiving module and the simulation result. The third part is used for giving examples of the applications of UART in several fields, including automatic monitoring system, SIM Card Access, and optical transmission.