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A feeding trial was conducted to investigate the in£uence of dietary protein levels on growth performance, carcass proximate composition and liver lipid classes of juvenile Spinibarbus hollandi (Oshima), a cyprinid ¢sh.White ¢sh meal was the primary protein source in the study. Eight experimental diets containing 13^55% crude protein were fed to three replicate groups of six ¢sh weighing nearly 8.5 g each for 10 weeks. Both percentage weight gain and feed e⁄ciency ratio increased signi¢cantly with increasing dietary protein levels up to 31%, but there was no further increase for protein levels from 31% to 55%. Application of broken-line regression analysis to the percentage weight gain provided an estimate of 32.771.5% dietary protein for maximum growth. The protein e⁄ciency ratio and productive lipid value were inversely correlated with dietary protein level. The hepatosomatic index and the viscerosomatic index were also inversely related to dietary protein level. The carcass protein of ¢sh fed lower protein diets was signi¢cantly lower than that of the ¢sh fed higher protein diets. Carcass lipid content decreased with increasing dietary protein levels, whereas moisture was inversely related to lipid content. Both liver glycogen and liver lipid contents decreased with increasing dietary protein levels. Triglyceride was the major component in the liver lipid, and the amount of triglyceride deposited in the liver also decreased with dietary protein levels. The results indicated that both carcass proximate composition and liver lipid class of juvenile Spinibarbus hollandi were a¡ected by dietary treatments.

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Establishing floating photovoltaic (FPV) systems on aquaculture ponds can reduce demand for land use and affects food and solar energy production. This study investigated the water quality of aquaculture ponds with and without simulated FPV systems (40% surface area shading) at three sites: Chupei, Lukang and Cigu. Results indicated the FPV‐covered ponds exhibited lower mean values in biochemical oxygen demand and plankton biomass but higher oxidation–reduction potential relative to the control ponds. The FPV‐covered ponds exhibited lower pH, water temperature and level of dissolved oxygen relative to the control ponds in Chupei and Lukang. The results suggested that the FPV shading effect potentially reduced phytoplankton growth. All FPV‐covered ponds exhibited 1.1, 1.2 and 1.4 times greater yields in giant freshwater prawn, tilapia and milkfish without any effect on the growth of cultured species. These results demonstrate the potential benefits and defects of combining aquaculture with FPV systems.