Resumo: Neste trabalho foi avaliada a influência do tratamento alcalino na fibra de bananeira (FB) e seu uso como agente de reforço em compósitos expandidos de poli(etileno-co-acetato de vinila) -EVA. O processo de mistura dos compósitos ocorreu em um misturador de rolos aberto e após conformados e expandidos em uma prensa aquecida com moldes de volumes variáveis. Os compósitos foram avaliados por suas propriedades mecânicas, térmicas e morfológicas. Os resultados indicam que o tratamento alcalino promove a extração de componentes menos estáveis na FB, tais como a lignina, hemicelulose, ceras e óleos de baixo peso molecular. O uso da FB nos compósitos proporciona um decréscimo das propriedades mecânicas de resistência à tração e rasgo em relação ao EVA puro devido a moderadas propriedades de interface polímero-fibra. Nos compósitos expandidos, as propriedades mecânicas decrescem com a diminuição da densidade em função da maior presença de espaços vazios no interior dos compósitos, porém as propriedades mecânicas específicas de resistência ao rasgo apresentaram melhores resultados com 10 pcr de FB em todos os moldes utilizados. Palavras-chave: Fibra de bananeira, EVA, compósitos expandidos, tratamento químico. Influence of the Chemical Treatment of Banana Fiber on Poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) Composites with and without a Blowing AgentAbstract: In this work the influence of alkaline treatment on banana fiber (BF) and its use as reinforcement agent in expanded composites of poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) -EVA were assessed. The mixing process for the composite was performed in an open roll mill, with composites being then shaped and expanded in a thermal press using variable volume molds. The composites were evaluated as for their mechanical, thermal and morphological properties. The results indicate that the alkali treatment promotes the extraction of less stable BF components such as lignin, hemicellulose, waxes and low molecular weight oils. The use of BF in the composites imparts reduction in mechanical properties of tensile and tear strength compared to neat EVA, owing to the moderate properties of the polymer-fiber interface. In expanded composites, the mechanical properties decreased with the reduction in density due to a higher amount of void spaces within the composites. However, the specific mechanical properties of tear strength showed improved results with 10 phr BF in all molds.
The objective of this study is to develop expanded composites of poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) (EVA) filled with two vegetable reinforcements (banana fiber or wood flour) as well as to evaluate the influence of the type, size and concentration of these reinforcements on the cell growth and their morphological, mechanical, thermal and physical properties. The results indicated that the natural fibers act as nucleating agents and affect the cells stability during the formation of the cellular structure in the expanded composites. The mechanical properties of the expanded composites are directly related to the composite expansion degree. Comparative results of the use of vegetable residues indicate that wood flour reinforcement provides more homogeneous cells, while banana fibers restrict the expandability of the composite and its density.
ResumoNeste estudo foram desenvolvidos compósitos utilizando PEAD, pó de madeira (Pinus taeda), alumina calcinada e dois diferentes tipos de agentes compatibilizantes para avaliação das propriedades morfológicas e mecânicas dos mesmos. Para aumentar a interação entre a matriz polimérica e o pó de madeira foram utilizados 2% de polietileno graftizado com anidrido maleico em todas as formulações. Para efeito comparativo foi desenvolvida uma formulação com viniltrietoxisilano como compatibilizante para a alumina calcinada. O teor de cargas variou de 4% a 33% para os compósitos de carga única e mantiveram o percentual de 28% para os compósitos com as duas cargas. A interação entre a matriz polimérica e as cargas, proporcionada pelo agente compatibilizante anidrido maleico, foi observada nas micrografias da interface da matriz/carga. A utilização do silano não proporcionou efeito adicional nas propriedades mecânicas dos compósitos. Os compósitos isentos de alumina apresentaram maior resistência à tração, porém na resistência à flexão a presença da alumina contribuiu para o aumento desta propriedade provavelmente devido à pequena interação existente entre a interface do seu grão e a matriz polimérica. Palavras-chave: compósito, PEAD, pó de madeira, alumina calcinada, anidrido maleico. AbstractThis work aims at the evaluation of morphological and mechanical properties of HDPE composites developed with wood flour (Pinus taeda), calcined alumina and two different types of compatibilizing agents. In order to improve the interaction between the polymer matrix and wood flour 2% maleic anhydride-grafted polyethylene was used in all formulations. For comparison a formulation with triethoxyvinylsilane as compatibilizer for the calcined alumina was developed. The filler content ranged from 4% to 33% for the single filler composite while the percentage of 28% was kept as such for the two-fillers composites. The interaction between the polymer matrix and fillers, provided by the maleic anhydride compatibilizer agent, could be observed in the micrographs of the matrix / filler interface. The silane did not improve the mechanical properties of the composite. Free alumina composites showed higher tensile strength, but concerning flexural strength the presence of alumina contributed to increased values in this property. This was probably caused by the reduced interaction between the interface of its grain and the polymer matrix.
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