The aim of this study was to evaluate the activity of elicitor, acibenzolar-S-methyl (ASM), in inducing resistance to Meloidogyne javanica in soybean and in enhancing plant development. Plantlets of the soybean susceptible cultivar BRSMT-Pintado and the resistant cultivar MG/BR 46 Conquista were treated with ASM (0.5 g/L) at three different times: seven days before, one day before and seven days after inoculation with 2000 eggs/plant. Untreated inoculated plants and untreated non-inoculated plants were used as controls. Sixty days after inoculation, the number of galls, eggs/g root and vegetative parameters (height, aerial part fresh and dry mass and root fresh mass) were evaluated. The experiments were conducted over two different periods (Experiments 1 and 2). Only in Experiment 2 treatment "seven days before inoculation" reduced the number of eggs/g root, irrespective of the cultivar evaluated, but the number of galls was not affected. Stronger plant development was observed in the susceptible soybean cultivar treated seven days before inoculation in Experiment 2.

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of glyphosate herbicide as growth regulator on two turfgrasses bahiagrass and broadleaf carpetgrass. The experiments were conducted in a greenhouse, using a completely randomized design, with 10 glyphosate rates (0, 5.625, 11.25, 22.5, 45, 90, 180, 360, 720, and 1.440 g a.e. ha-1) and four replicates. Bahiagrass and broadleaf carpetgrass plants were transplanted to 2 liter pots filled with a clayey soil. Phytotoxicity and green cover index (GCI) were evaluated through digital analysis; plant height at 7, 14, 21, and 28 days after application (DAA); and dry biomass of cuttings at 28 DAA. The glyphosate rates of 5.625 to 22.5 g a.e. ha-1 (for bahiagrass) and up to 90 g a.e. ha-1 (for broadleaf carpetgrass) reduced the plant growth, without affecting the plant visual quality phytotoxicity, GCI, and dry biomass in the evaluated periods. Contrastingly, rates equal to and above 45 g a.e. ha-1 (for bahiagrass) and equal to and above 180 g a.e. ha-1 (for broadleaf carpetgrass) caused phytotoxic effects in all evaluated periods and affected negatively plant height, GCI, and dry biomass, denoting the sensitivity of these grass species to these glyphosate rates. The digital image analysis allowed the verification and quantification of the effects of the herbicides on turfgrasses.

Bean crops have their productivity limited by biotic factors, as the phytonematodes. Several species have been reported causing damage to the crop, especially those from the Meloidogyne genus. Recently, a new species was reported parasitizing bean plants in Paran a State, Brazil, Meloidogyne inornata. The present work was aimed in order to study the pathosystem bean and M. inornata, through the evaluation of host reaction of 32 bean cultivars to the nematode, the potential damage of this pathogen to the crop, and the biology and parasitism of M. inornata on bean, under different temperatures, comparing with M. incognita. The host reaction was accessed under greenhouse conditions, with an initial population density of 2000 eggs of each nematode species per plant. Fifty days after inoculation, it was found that all tested cultivars were susceptible to M. inornata, however with varying extent. Pathogenicity of M. inornata on bean cv. Tuiui u was also evaluated under greenhouse conditions, with the following initial population densities: 0 (check); 0.0625; 0.125; 0.25; 0.5; 1; 2; 4; 16; 32; and 64 eggs per cm 3 of soil. Tolerance limit obtained to this cultivar was 9.9 nematodes per cm 3 . In relation to the comparative biology between M. inornata and M. incognita, under growth chamber and three different temperatures, 18, 25 and 32°C, results showed that under 18°C, both species have their life cycles retarded, while under 32°C, the cycle is accelerated.

RESUMOO trabalho foi desenvolvido durante o período de 2019/06 -2020/05, no município de Promissão -São Paulo, com o objetivo de realizar o monitoramento de doenças de forma comparativa em duas diferentes cultivares submetidas a adubação convencional e orgânica. Utilizou-se delineamento em blocos inteiramente casualizados, com 4 repetições e 5 plantas por parcela. Observou-se que a adubação nas condições do experimento não implicou numa maior resistência no desenvolvimento de doenças, e que o maior número de plantas e frutos doentes ocorreram nas bordaduras, onde os insetos vetores estavam hospedados em diferentes espécies de hospedeiros alternativo, favorecendo a maior transmissão.

Target spot, caused by Corynespora cassiicola, occurs in several cultivated species, being considered an important disease in cucumber. The objective was to evaluate the cucumber response to the target spot as a function of preventive management of the disease with fungicides and phosphites, associated or not with silicone adhesive spreaders. 'Soldier' cucumber plants were grown in 10 L pots in a greenhouse. Chlorothalonil and methiram + pyraclostrobin fungicides and potassium and zinc phosphites were evaluated, combined or not with Silwet L-77 Ag® and Break-Thru® adhesive spreaders, applied four days before pathogen inoculation. The severity of the disease was evaluated; the fresh and dry mass of the aerial part of the plants at 60 days after sowing; the number and fresh mass of fruits, and the number of leaves and plant height at intervals of 7 to 10 days from the inoculation of the pathogen. Fungicides were more efficient in controlling target spot, followed by zinc phosphite, while potassium phosphite did not differ from the inoculated control, which reached severity greater than 40%, 10 days after inoculation of the pathogen and more than 75% of dry leaves (2nd and 3rd true leaves), 25 days after inoculation. Greater fresh mass of the aerial part of the plants was observed with the fungicides, with no difference between the treatments for the other variables. Adhesive spreaders had no effect on the analyzed variables. Cucumber production was not affected by treatments up to 60 days of cultivation, despite the disease intensity being lower with fungicides and zinc phosphite.