Objective  To analyze the main endoscopic findings in patients under 40 years of age and the main indications for colonoscopy in these patients. Methods  A retrospective study with 362 reports of patients under 40 years of age who underwent colonoscopy from January 2014 to June 2017 at the colonoscopy service of the General Hospital Roberto Santos. Colon preparation was performed with mannitol and the patients underwent sedation as the anesthetist criteria. Results  Of the 362 patients analyzed, 192 (53%) were female. The mean age was 25 years (25.58 ± 11.95). The most frequent indications were inflammatory bowel disease in 24.3% (88) of the patients, bleeding in the lower digestive tract in 24% (87), and chronic diarrhea in 20.2% (73). The main colonoscopic findings were polyposis in 21.3% (77) of the patients and inflammatory alterations in 20.7% (75). Conclusion  With the analysis of the data provided by the colonoscopies, it was possible to conclude that, when the investigation is adequate and the examination is well indicated, even under the age of 40, colonoscopy can help in the diagnostic and treatment of several pathologies, including those that may increase the risk of colorectal cancer.

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Introduction  Colonoscopy has shown to be useful in the diagnosis of various pathologies. By allowing the direct visualization of the mucosa, colonoscopy allows the adoption of therapeutic methods, such as the removal of polyps, dilation of stenoses, and biopsies. This method can also be applied in the detection of colorectal cancer, which currently represents an important cause of mortality in the world. Individuals considered to be at medium risk for the development of colorectal cancer should start screening at 50 years of age in order to detect early disease. Objective  To describe the main results of the exams for patients at least 50 years old who underwent colonoscopy. Method  Descriptive, case-series study of 1614 colonoscopies performed from 2014 to 2017 at a referral hospital in Salvador, Bahia. Results  The main indications for the study were intestinal bleeding (26.5%), neoplasia screening (20.7%), and abdominal pain (10.2%). The main results were diverticular disease (38.9%), polyps (38.8%), and normal examination (23.2%). Patients with indications for neoplasia screening had the presence of polyps (41.3%) as their main diagnosis. For patients with normal examination, 28.8% presented intestinal bleeding as an indication. There were 70 (4.3%) patients with a colonoscopic diagnosis of neoplasia. Conclusion  The present study, which demonstrated a majority of exams with considerable alterations, shows the usefulness of the examination, besides other advantages, as a form of diagnosis of colorectal cancer.

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Introduction: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) comprises a group of chronic and idiopathic diseases resulting from the inappropriate activation of the mucosal immune system. It has as main categories nosológical cateogories Crohn's disease -CD and Ulcerative Colitis -UC. Colonoscopy is the exam of choice to diagnose and differentiate these two main forms of IBD involvement. It may be observed that UC involves a process of contiguous disease, which affects the rectum and progresses proximally, the intestine of segmental form, characterized by having healthy areas that separate inflamed areas.Objective: To describe the changes observed in colonoscopies, of patients with indication and conclusion of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, performed at Hospital de Referênce hospital in Salvador.Methods: Case series from January 2016 to May 2017 were selected for the study, all the colonosc reports with non-defined Intestinal Inflammatory Disease, CD and UC, in the indication of the examination, at the conclusion (diagnosis) or both. The characteristics of the population and of the exams besides the colonoscopic alterations were described.Results: A total of 130 colonoscopies were studied, of which 76 (58.5%) were performed in female patients and 54 (41.5%) in the male sex. The number of exams with diagnostic impression: normal examination, was only 22 (16.9%). One hundred and eight (83.1%) exams presented different alterations such as: edema, hyperemia, erosion, ulceration, enantema, polyps, pseudopolyps and alteration of the vascular pattern. Conclusions:The study showed that changes observed in colonoscopies, especially inflammatory ones, such as: edema, hyperemia, enantema , vascular pattern alteration, erosion and ulceration, are frequently present in patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease, both in the group that still had not defined its etiology when specific for CD and UC.