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OBJECTIVES:To describe the indications for and visual outcomes of intrastromal corneal ring segment implantation.METHODS:A large retrospective case-series chart-review study was conducted using Sorocaba Ophthalmological Hospital medical records. This study included 1222 eyes (1196 patients) that were surgically treated between November 2009 and December 2012. The following preoperative data were collected: age, gender, type of medical care and funding source, surgical technique, best-corrected visual acuity, manifest sphere and cylinder refractive error, maximum and minimum central keratometry, and pachymetry measurements of the cornea at the thinnest point and at the ring channel. The postoperative best-corrected visual acuity and patient satisfaction were also determined. The cases were classified into six groups: four keratoconus groups (severe, advanced, moderate and mild), a pellucid marginal degeneration group and a post-graft irregular astigmatism group. This study was approved by the Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials (UTN number 1111-1182-6181, TRIAL RBR-6S72RF).RESULTS:The age (mean±standard deviation) of the patients was 31.0±10.0 years. The most prevalent pathology was keratoconus (1147 eyes, 93.8%). A correlation was found between ectasia severity and medical assistance (p<0.001), and the most serious cases was treated by the Brazilian public health system. No complications were found in a total of 1155 surgeries, and after surgery, 959 patients were satisfied. Among the 164 dissatisfied patients, the majority failed to show improved best-corrected visual acuity.CONCLUSION:Patients in the public health system underwent surgical intervention for keratoconus later than those with private sources of funding. In the vast majority of operated cases, the patients reported improvements in vision.

INTRODUÇÃOO transplante endotelial foi descrito inicialmente em modelo animal em 1993 por Ko et al.(1) e mais tarde, em 1998, Melles et al.publicaram o primeiro transplante endotelial em humanos. Em 1999, iniciaram-se os estudos com a ceratoplastia endotelial lamelar profunda (DLEK, do inglês, "deep lamellar endothelial keratoplasty"), que consiste na retirada de lamela posterior do receptor, com a inserção do botão doador e colocação na bolsa criada anteriormente (3) . A técnica de ceratoplastia endotelial por desnudamento endotelial (DSEK, do inglês, "Descemet stripping endothelial keratoplasty") foi concebida em 2005 (4) , Nessa técnica é realizada a retirada da membrana de Descemet do receptor, com subsequente inserção RESUMO Objetivo: Descrever a taxa de complicações e os tipos de complicações intraoperatórias e pós-operatórias da ceratoplastia endotelial com desnudamento da Descemet (DSEK (46,2%). A cirurgia mais comumente realizada foi o transplante endotelial isoladamente (DSEK), realizado em 65 olhos (54,6%), seguida do DSEK associado à facoemulsificação de cristalino (PHACO-DSEK) em 47 olhos (39,5%) e DSEK associado a outras cirurgias (7 olhos, 5,9%). Oito pacientes foram excluídos do trabalho devido informações cirúrgicas insuficientes em prontuário médico. Em relação às complicações cirúrgicas transoperatórias, foram observados casos isolados de bloqueio pupilar, dissecção irregular do botão, implante reverso do botão, "button-holing" e ruptura de cápsula posterior. Entre as complicações precoces, observou-se descolamento de botão em 21,5% dos olhos no grupo do DSEK, 34,0% no grupo PHACO-DSEK e 57,1% no grupo DSEK associado a outras técnicas cirúrgicas. No que se refere às complicações tardias, observou-se "haze" (opacidade) em interface em 16,9%, 8,5% e 14,2% e glaucoma foi observado em 4,6%, 2,1% e 14,2% dos olhos nos grupos DSEK, PHACO-DSEK e DSEK associado a outras técnicas, respectivamente. Falência pós-rejeição foi observada em 15,3% e 12,7% dos grupos DSEK e PHACO-DSEK, respectivamente. Conclusão: O transplante endotelial de córnea realizado nesta amostra teve uma taxa de complicações considerada alta se comparado aos transplantes penetrantes convencionais. As complicações mais frequentes foram aquelas relacionadas ao descolamento de botão e à falência pós-rejeição. Descritores

Objective To compare the thickness of corneal layers, specifically the Descemet's membrane (DM), in normal corneas and in failed grafts due to rejection (FGRs) using the digital histopathology and to propose a model for the measurement of corneal layers using this method. Methods This is a prospective, cross-sectional study performed at the MUHC-McGill University Ocular Pathology & Translational Research Laboratory (McGill University, Montreal, Canada). Histopathological sections of 25 normal human corneas and 40 FGRs were fully digitalized and examined. Inclusion criteria: samples diagnosed as normal corneas or FGRs, from patients older than 18 years of age. Exclusion criteria: histopathological sections without adequate tissue or missing epidemiological information. For each sample, the thicknesses of the epithelium, stroma, and DM were acquired. From a perpendicular plane of reference, two central measurements and two nasal and two temporal peripheral measurements were obtained. Results There were differences between the normal and FGR groups in the mean central thickness of the epithelium (p < 0.001), the nasal and temporal stromal regions (p < 0.001), and of the DM in the nasal and temporal regions (p < 0.001). Compared with the extremities of the sample (nasal and temporal), the mean thickness of the DM in normal corneas was lower in the central region (p < 0.001), and this difference was not found in the FGR group. Conclusions Normal corneas have a thinner epithelium in the central region than the FGR group. In addition, the stroma and DM thicknesses of the nasal and temporal periphery were significantly higher in normal corneas than in those from the FGR group. The digital microscopy protocol applied in this study may be useful for further research studies regarding cornea and other tissues.

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