Here, we have developed DIAMonDS (Drosophila Individual Activity Monitoring and Detection System) comprising time-lapse imaging by a charge-coupled device (CCD) flatbed scanner and Sapphire, a novel algorithm and web application. DIAMonDS automatically and sequentially identified the transition time points of multiple life cycle events such as pupariation, eclosion, and death in individual flies at high temporal resolution and on a large scale. DIAMonDS performed simultaneous multiple scans to measure individual deaths (≤1152 flies per scanner) and pupariation and eclosion timings (≤288 flies per scanner) under various chemical exposures, environmental conditions, and genetic backgrounds. DIAMonDS correctly identified 74–85% of the pupariation and eclosion events and ~ 92% of the death events within ± 10 scanning frames. This system is a powerful tool for studying the influences of genetic and environmental factors on fruit flies and efficient, high-throughput genetic and chemical screening in drug discovery.

An asymmetric total synthesis of picrotoxinin was achieved, with a Mizoroki-Heck reaction of an enantioenriched tricyclic lactone with isopropenyl bromide as the key transformation, enabling the highly diastereoselective introduction of the requisite C4-isopropenyl group. After functional group manipulations including carbonylation, bromoetherification, epoxidation and dihydroxylation, picrotoxinin was obtained in moderate to good yield.

Here, we have developed DIAMonDS (Drosophila Individual Activity Monitoring and Detection System) comprising time-lapse imaging by a charge-coupled device (CCD) flatbed scanner and Sapphire, a novel algorithm and web application. DIAMonDS automatically and sequentially identified the transition time points of multiple life cycle events such as pupariation, eclosion, and death in individual flies at high temporal resolution and on a large scale. DIAMonDS performed simultaneous multiple scans to measure individual deaths (≤ 1,152 flies per scanner) and pupariation and eclosion timings (≤ 288 flies per scanner) under various chemical exposures, environmental conditions, and genetic backgrounds. DIAMonDS correctly identified 74–85% of the pupariation and eclosion events and ∼92% of the death events within ±10 scanning frames. This system is a powerful tool for studying the influences of genetic and environmental factors on fruit flies and efficient, high-throughput genetic and chemical screening in drug discovery.

Rhythmic activities were widely observed in many brain regions. Human EEG recording revealed several frequency modulation of the oscillation reflecting internal brain states such as attentional modulation in visual systems. On the other hand, in vivo intracellular recordings suggested that individual neurons showed persistent membrane fluctuations and global oscillation originated from the activity of the neuronal fluctuations.Furthermore, it was found that some types of neuron showed membrane resonance in their subthreshold level. However, functional roles of the subthreshold resonance in a recurrent neural network are still unknown. Here, we computationally examined the behavior of resonator network driven by external inputs and organized through the spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP) under oscillatory background and noise. As a result, it was shown how the resonator network modified its responsiveness depending on frequency modulation and its connectivity through the STDP.

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