RESUMENObjetivo: Determinar el efecto del baño en la temperatura corporal del recién nacido prematuro. Método: Revisión sistemática realizada en las fuentes bibliográficas electrónicas BVS, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus y Web of Science. Las búsquedas fueron realizadas mediante combinación de descriptores, palabras clave y términos libres y se ajustó la cuestión de la revisión a la estrategia PICO. Las publicaciones seleccionadas se evaluaron de acuerdo con los niveles de evidencia y grados de recomendación para los estudios de eficacia/efetividad establecidos por el Instituto Joanna Briggs. Resultados: Se identificaron 824 publicaciones y cuatro atendieron a los criterios de inclusión, de los cuales, tres analizaron el efecto del baño de esponja y uno el efecto del baño de inmersión. Conclusión: El baño de esponja mostró una disminución estadísticamente significativa en la temperatura corporal, en cuanto que el baño de inmersión, la temperatura corporal se mantuvo estable, aunque el estudio haya sido realizado con recién nacidos prematuros tardíos. DESCRIPTORES ABSTRACT Objective:To verify the effect of bathing on the body temperature of preterm infants (PTI). Method: Systematic review conducted in the following bibliographic electronic sources: Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde/Lilacs (BVS), Cumulated Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, PubMed, SCOPUS and Web of Science, using a combination of search terms, keywords and free terms. The review question was adjusted to the PICO acronym (Patient/population, Intervention, Control/comparative intervention, Outcome). The selected publications were evaluated according to levels of evidence and grades of recommendation for efficacy/effectiveness studies, as established by the Joanna Briggs Institute. Results: Eight hundred and twenty four (824) publications were identified and four studies met the inclusion criteria, of which three analyzed the effect of sponge baths and the effect of immersion baths. Conclusion: Sponge baths showed a statistically significant drop in body temperature, while in immersion baths the body temperature remained stable, although they studied late preterm infants. DESCRIPTORSBaths Premature Body temperature Neonatal nursing Review

BACKGROUND:Hypothermia is an independent risk factor for increased mortality in very low birth weight preterm infants (VLBWPI). The practice of involving the body of VLBWPI in polyethylene film or plastic bag during neonatal resuscitation after birth is a recommended measure to prevent neonatal hypothermia. It is necessary to evaluate the impact of the implementation of this practice on the thermal stability of VLBWPI within the first 24 hours of life. OBJECTIVE: To compare the variation of VLBWPI body temperature in the first 24 hours of life of wrapped (WPG) and non-wrapped in plastic bag (NWPG) during neonatal resuscitation at delivery room. METHODS: A longitudinal study with retrospective collection data. It was analyzed 282 medical records of preterm infants with gestational age less than 33 weeks or birth weight less than 1500 grams, born from 2004 to 2007 and from 2009 to 2012, respectively before and after the implementation of the practice of wrapping the VLBWPI in plastic bag at the University of Sao Paulo University Hospital. Statistical analysis of maternal, perinatal and neonatal variables and the dependent variable, VLBWPI body temperature within the first 24 hours of life and occurrence of hypothermia were related to the exposure variables -group of VLBWPI (WPG) or group of not wrapped in plastic bag (NWPG). The existence of an association between the independent and dependent variables were analyzed, and for nominal variables, the chi-square test was used and Fisher's exact and Student's t test were used to analyze discrete variables. Continuous variables were analyzed with ANOVA. To analyze the relationship between the independent variable and the occurrence of neonatal hypothermia in different periods of body temperature measures in the first 24 hours of life, was used the test of Breslow-Day-Tarone. To analyze the association between hypothermia and use of plastic bag controlled by body temperature measurement range, it was used the Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel test. The estimated ratio of hypothermia occurrence among infants were wrapped in plastic bags was obtained by the test of Mantel-Haenszel Common Odds Ratio Estimate. The statistical significance level adopted was < 0.05 and confidence interval 95%.