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Introduction. Endometriosis is defined as a chronic gynecologic disease which is characterized by the presence of endometrial glands and stroma in anatomical sites and organs outside the uterine cavity. The exact prevalence of endometriosis is difficult to determine because many women remain asymptomatic. However, endometriosis affects about 10% to 15% of women. Thoracic endometriosis (TES) is the most common endometriosis outside the abdominopelvic cavity. It refers to endometriosis within the thoracic cavity including the lung parenchyma, diaphragm, and pleural surfaces. It can manifest as catamenial chest pain, pneumothorax, hemoptysis, hemothorax, catamenial haemoptysis, and pulmonary nodules. Case Summary. A 39-years-old married female presented with recurrent right-sided chest pain of 22 years duration, recurrent cough of more than 20 years and progressive breathlessness of a month duration. The chest pain is pleuritic, and it often starts few days to the onset of her menses and lasts throughout menstrual flow only to abate after the stoppage of menstrual bleeding. Cough was unproductive, paroxysmal often worse with worsening chest pain. It disappears after the end of menstrual bleed. Breathlessness was initially on mild to moderate exertion before progressing to occasional breathlessness at rest. No history of orthopnea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, and pedal swelling was found. Over the years, she had presented to several clinics where she was said to have menstrual pain referred to the chest. Conclusion. Diagnosis of extrapelvic endometriosis can be challenging and delayed because it presents in a myriad of ways and in some cases, it may be difficult to link symptoms and the menstrual cycle.

Background: Ectopic breast tissue (EBT) is an uncommon occurrence in which the breast tissue can be found at any point along the milk line. Although it is most commonly found on the axilla, it can also present on the thighs, perineum, vulva, inframammary region, and groin. EBT mimicking a Bartholin’s abscess is extremely rare. Case presentation: Here, we report the case of a 31-year-old nulliparous woman who presented to our gynecology clinic with a complaint of right-sided vulvar swelling. An initial diagnosis of Bartholin’s abscess was made after clinical examination. This was surgically removed using marsupialization. However, following histopathological & immuno-histochemical evaluation, a confirmatory diagnosis of ectopic breast tissue was made.  Conclusion: Indeed, our case re-emphasizes the absolute need for histopathological examination of every tumor notwithstanding the nature of the presentation, site of occurrence, and/or initial diagnosis. Furthermore, although rare, EBT should be considered an important differential in tumors of the vulva.

Osteolipoma is an extremely rare histologic variant of lipoma. It is sometimes called lipoma with osseous element. It can occur in any part of the body ranging from intracranial cavity to different musculoskeletal regions. We presented a case seen in a 40 years old Nigerian woman with a non-enlarging, non-tender swelling in the right leg just below the knee joint medially. The diagnosis was confirmed by histology after excisional biopsy which examination showed sheets of matured adipocytes traversed into lobules by fibro collagenous strands. Osteolipoma is still relatively rare. However, they are benign and should not be confused with other sinister lesions.

Pleomorphic salivary adenoma (PSA) is a benign tumor composed of epithelial and mesenchymal elements. Approximately 10% of pleomorphic adenomas occur in the minor salivary glands, with the palate being the most common site. Mesenchymal elements in PSA are capable of giving rise to various components that are usually seen in the tumor. Still, the presence of calcifications either from degenerations or the mesenchymal elements is rare. We are reporting a case of giant pleomorphic adenoma of the soft palate with dystrophic calcification and significant upper aerodigestive obstruction in a 49-year-old Nigerian. Surgical excision was done under general anesthesia via oral route.