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There is a possibility of dust explosion during acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) production including cutting, grinding and machining. The suppression effect of melamine polyphosphate (MPP) on the explosion severity and ignition sensitivity of ABS dust, including maximum explosion pressure (P max ), maximum explosion index (K st ), minimum ignition energy (MIE) and minimum ignition temperature (MIT), was systematically investigated. MPP had an inhibitory effect on ABS dust explosion, and the explosion suppression effect was proportional to the mass fraction of MPP. Through the analysis on thermal decomposition behavior, gas-phase products and the explosion residue, the explosion suppression mechanism of MPP on the ABS dust was studied and proposed. According to the thermal analysis and explosion residue analysis results, it could be seen that the addition of MPP improved the thermal stability of the ABS dust and promoted the formation of dense carbon on the surface of ABS particles. Gas-phase products results showed that thermal decomposition of MPP produced NH 3 , CO 2 and H 2 O, which consumed and diluted the oxygen concentration in the explosion zone.