Background One of the packages of critical antenatal care treatments for pregnant women includes iron and folic acid (Fe/FA) supplementation. Using recently available and nationwide representative survey data, this study aimed to determine the spatial patterns and drivers of Fe/FA supplementation during pregnancy. Method The data for this study was obtained from Ethiopia’s 2019 Mini Demographic and Health Survey (EMDHS). We used the Kid’s Record (KR) dataset, and a total weighted sample of 3926 reproductive-age women who gave birth within the previous 5 years was used as the study’s final sample size. To analyze the spatial distributions (geographic variation of Fe/FA supplementation) different statistical software like Excel, ArcGIS, and Stata 14 were used. A two-level multilevel binary logistic regression model was fitted to identify both individual and community-level factors associated with Fe/FA supplementation during pregnancy. Result This study found that there were significant geographical variations of iron and folic acid supplementation across Ethiopia, eastern and southern parts of the country were predicted to have low Fe/FA supplementation coverage. Advanced maternal age (AOR = 0.75: 95%CI: 0.59 0.96), resides in developing region (AOR = 0.57, 95%CI: 0.43 0.74), not attended formal education (AOR = 0.60, 95%CI: 0.39 0.92), middle (AOR = 1.51, 95%CI: 18 1.93) and rich wealth status (AOR = 1.48, 95%CI: 1.15 1.91), and four and above ANC visits (AOR = 4.35 95%CI: 3.64 5.21) were determinants of iron and folic acid supplementation among pregnant women. Conclusion Our research found that there were geographical variations across the country, with low coverage seen in Ethiopia’s eastern and southern regions. Iron and folic acid supplementation coverage were inadequate among pregnant women with low education, advanced maternal age, and those from underdeveloped countries. Conversely, increasing iron and folic acid uptake was associated with higher socioeconomic class and four or more ANC visits. The findings of this study highlight the importance of increasing maternal health care, such as iron and folic acid supplements, for underserved populations.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has reduced access to and utilization of essential health services, including sexual and reproductive health services. The indirect supply-side and demand-side effects of the coronavirus pandemic has shown moderate service reduction scenarios can lead to a large number of additional maternal deaths Objective: Determine the pooled proportion and contributing factors of sexual and reproductive health care in Ethiopia during the COVID-19 pandemic was the primary goal of this systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: The Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA-2020) statement guided the conduct of this systematic review and meta-analysis. Electronic databases like SCOPUS, EMBASE, PubMed, and Science Direct were used to search for the papers. Studies were searched utilizing additional data sources such as Google scholar's advanced search and Google. The COVID 19 period and the latest search dates of June 6, 2022 were used for the primary research. Heterogeneity was evaluated using I2 and Q-statistics. Wherever possible subgroup analysis was planned by study setting, and overall risk of bias (study quality). To test the small study effect; funnel plot and egger's test were applied in the Meta-analysis Result: A total of six studies with 3848 participants included in this Meta-analysis. the pooled proportion of sexual and reproductive health service utilization reported by 6 studies was 32% (95%CI (18,46%)). In the sub group analysis, the pooled proportion of SRH service utilization for study done at the community level was 26% (95% CI:6-46%) and 38% (95% CI: 26-50%) among institutional based studies. Participants age 20-24 (OR=2.4 95% CI:1.07-5.3) Participate in youth club (OR=2.74; 95% CI:10.07-6.99), Ever had sexual partner (OR=1.65; 95% CI:1.11-2.45), Participated in peer-to-peer education (OR=1.71; 95% CI:1.12-2.62), and having pocket money (OR=2.5;3 95% CI:1.03-6.19) where variables had positively associated with sexual and reproductive health service utilization. Conclusion: The pooled SRH service utilization in Ethiopia during COVID 19 was decreased compared to SRH service utilization before the pandemic. Participants age 20-24, Participate in youth, ever had sexual partner, participated in peer-to-peer education, and having pocket money where variables had positively associated with sexual and reproductive health service utilization.