Background : Fracture of the penis is a relatively rare condition that is defined as a rupture of the tumescent corpora cavernosa as a result of blunt trauma, most commonly during sexual intercourse or masturbation. The fracture is easy to recognize but treatment remains controversial. We, therefore, examined the treatment methods for penile fracture. Methods : Between December 1990 and March 2001, eight patients underwent immediate surgical repair on the first or second day after fracture of the penis, and one patient underwent surgery on the 30th day after fracture, at Kansai Rosai Hospital. Patient age at presentation ranged from 15 to 55 years. Eight patients came to the hospital 2-23 h after the fracture occurred. All patients complained of penile swelling and ecchymosis. Three patients reported hearing a snapping sound. None of the patients demonstrated macroscopic hematuria.Results : We treated all of the patients surgically. All patients showed a unilateral injured corporeal rupture. We took a circumferential coronal incision under the glans and repaired with absorbable stitch. At follow-up, eight of the nine patients who were available reported the achievement of an adequate erection for intercourse without erectile or voiding dysfunction. Conclusion : All patients were treated surgically and recovered successfully. Therefore, immediate repair is recommended for the treatment of penile fracture.

Effects of exercise on the formation of 8‐hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8‐OH‐dG), a biomarker of oxidative DNA damage, and other purine metabolites such as hypoxanthine, xanthine and uric acid were examined. Venous blood and urine were collected from swimmers and distance runners before and after the usual training. The amount of 8‐OH‐dG obtained from nuclear DNA of lymphocytes decreased remarkably after intermittent swimming. The amount of nuclear 8‐OH‐dG also declined after distance running, but this difference is statistically not significant. After each exercise, plasma concentrations of hypoxanthine, xanthine and uric acid rose significantly. Urinary excretion of hypoxanthine increased, and xanthine and uric acid decreased after exercise. The 8‐OH‐dG‐to‐creatinine ratio in urine increased slightly after swimming or running. It is supposed that the repair of oxidative DNA damage is augmented by exercise. As far as we know, this is the first report concerning the effect of exercise on oxidative damage in nuclear DNA.

UWT can serve as a potential predictive factor for 4-week SP and may help physicians to select patients who require immediate interventions among those with ≤ 10-mm ureteral stones.

Various systemic inflammatory response biomarkers are associated with oncological outcome. We evaluated the superiority of prognostic predictive accuracy between neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and lymphocyte-monocyte ratio (LMR), and the prognostic significance of their perioperative change in patients with bladder cancer undergoing radical cystectomy (RC). We retrospectively analyzed 302 patients who had undergone RC in four institutions. Comparison of predictive accuracy between NLR and LMR was performed using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) were assessed with the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression analysis. Preoperative and postoperative LMR showed higher predictive accuracy for OS than NLR did (p = 0.034). Applying a cutoff of 3.41, change in perioperative LMR stratified patients into three groups (low, intermediate, and high risk), showing a significant difference in OS and CSS (p < 0.001, each), and pathological outcomes. Multivariable analyses for OS and CSS showed that poor changes in LMR (high risk) were an independent prognostic factor (hazard ratio 5.70, 95 % confidence interval 3.49-9.32, p < 0.001; hazard ratio 4.53, 95 % confidence interval 2.63-7.82, p < 0.001; respectively). Perioperative LMR is significantly associated with survival in patients with bladder cancer after RC, and it is possibly superior to NLR as a prognostic factor.

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