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Numerous reports on the cytology of the gastric gland cells have been made since older times.To the structure of the cytoplasm, especially to the granules in it, many investigators pay attention. Altmann (1890) who worked on the inner structure of the chief cell, observed "vegetative Faden " around the nuclei of the chief cells of dog and cat. M u 11 e r (1898) observed the filamentous substances between cytoplasmic granules in the gastric gland cells of the rabbit by Heidenhain:s iron hematoxylin stain. Also Z i m m e r m a n n (1898) observed filamentous substances in the cytoplasm. Ho v en (1912) demonstrated numerous Chondriokonten " under the nuclei of chief cells. In the cytoplasm of the parietal cells Al t m a n n observed rods or glanules, and N o 11 and S o k o l of f (1905) maintained that these granules were mitochondria. N o 11 and S o k o l of f said that the chief cells of the neck of the gland differed from those of the fundus. There are few detailed cytochemical studies on the gastric gland, so the author has made an attempt at the observation on the cytochemical changes of the gastric gland cells of rats after pilocarpine injection. Namely the author reports on the relatively early changes of alkaline and acid phosphatases and periodic acid-Schiff's reaction positive substances in the gastric gland cells. Materials and Methods.Adult rats (dr. 120 g in body weight) were injected subcutaneously 0.5 ml with 0.1% pilocarpine solution. After injection the rats were not fed. On fifteen minutes, thirty minutes, one hour, two hours, four hours and six hours respectively the injected rats were laparatomized under ether anesthesia, and pieces of the fundic portion 163