A totally organic, flexible higher voltage enzymatic
biobattery
is demonstrated by series connection of carbon fabric-based biobatteries
composed of a fructose dehydrogenase-modified anode and a bilirubin
oxidase-modified cathode. The fructose/O2 biobattery was
divided and connected so as to maintain the original size (total electrode
size: 2 cm2). The series-connected four quarter biobatteries
showed increased voltage and current (0.6 V, 30 μA →
1.5 V, 80 μA) for an external load of 20 kΩ, which is
a typical skin resistance. The divided batteries were put inside a
flexible ion-insulating frame to avoid short-circuit between cells
and electrically connected by soft hydrophobic leads that prevented
ionic connection by wetting. Because the developed higher voltage
biobattery maintains its small size and flexibility, it can even be
put on a finger joint and serve to drive a wrist watch.
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