We report six cases of transverse-sigmoid dural arteriovenous fistulae (TS DAVF) treated with percutaneous transvenous embolisation through the occluded sinus. All patients had sinus occlusive lesions: an isolated sinus in five cases and a distal occlusion of the affected sinus in one. Leptomeningeal retrograde venous drainage via the vein of Labbé or the sylvian vein was observed in all patients with an isolated sinus. In five patients a microcatheter was easily passed through the occluded sinus. In four of them, a complete angiographic cure was achieved by packing the sinus with coils. However, in one, sinus packing was ineffective and surgical excision of the affected sinus was necessary. The microcatheter could not be passed through the occluded sinus in one case, and direct packing of the isolated sinus was later required. In all cases, complete cure was achieved without complications. This safe, not very invasive and highly effective treatment for TS DAVF with sinus occlusion is thus worth trying when the occluded segment is relatively short.

TAE is a safe and effective for treating postoperative hemorrhage even in patients with hemodynamic instability and pancreatic fistula. Additionally, pre-interventional CT is useful for effective, consecutive interventions.

Purpose: This study assessed the MRI findings of strangulated small bowel obstruction (SBO) and mesenteric venous occlusion (MVO) in a rabbit model using 3T MRI. Materials and Methods:Twenty rabbits were included in this study. The strangulated SBO and MVO models were generated via surgical procedures in nine rabbits, and sham surgery was performed in two rabbits. The success of generating the models was confirmed via angiographic, macroscopic, and microscopic findings after the surgical procedure. MRI was performed before and 30 min after inducing mesenteric ischemia. T 1 -weighted images (T 1 WIs), T 2 -weighted images (T 2 WIs), and fat-suppressed T 2 WIs (FS-T 2 WIs) were obtained using the BLADE technique, and fat-suppressed T 1 WIs (FS-T 1 WIs) were obtained. The signal intensities of the affected bowel before and after the surgical procedures were visually categorized as high, iso, and low intense compared with the findings for the normal bowel wall on all sequences. Bowel wall thickness was measured, and the signal intensity ratio (SI ratio) was calculated using the signal intensities of the bowel wall and psoas muscle.Results: Angiographic, macroscopic, and microscopic findings confirmed that all surgical procedures were successful. The ischemic bowel wall was thicker than the normal bowel. The bowel wall was thicker in the MVO model (3.17 ± 0.55 mm) than in the strangulated SBO model (2.26 ± 0.46 mm). The signal intensity and SI ratio of the bowel wall were significantly higher after the procedure than before the procedure on all sequences in both models. The mesentery adjacent to the ischemic bowel loop exhibited a high signal intensity in all animals on FS-T 2 WIs. Conclusion:Non-contrast MRI can be used to evaluate mesenteric ischemia caused by strangulated SBO and MVO. FS-T 2 WIs represented the best modality for depicting the high signal intensity in the bowel wall and mesentery caused by ischemia.

Vitamin deficiency is rare in modern industrialised countries; however, it still occurs in patients with specific backgrounds, such as those with extremely unbalanced diets, those with alcoholism and those who have undergone gastrointestinal surgery. Imaging examinations that demonstrate classic findings confirm the clinical diagnosis of vitamin deficiency and help monitor response to treatment. Because vitamin deficiencies are not prevalent, the diagnosis might not be straightforward. Therefore, imaging should be performed in cases of suspected vitamin deficiency. Radiologists should be familiar with characteristic imaging findings of vitamin deficiency and should survey an affected patient’s background and blood vitamin levels. Because symptoms of vitamin deficiency are quickly improved by vitamin replacement, early diagnosis is essential. This pictorial review provides imaging findings for deficiencies in vitamins B1 (Wernicke encephalopathy and wet beriberi), B12 (subacute combined degeneration), C (scurvy), D (rickets) and K (bleeding tendency).

A 69-year-old man with a decades-long history of chronic alcohol consumption was admitted with gait disturbance (short steps and spasticity), deterioration of activity, and stuporous consciousness. Head magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed hyperintensity on fluid-attenuated inversion recovery imaging in the corpus callosum and frontal white matter. The lesion later became more apparent on diffusion-weighted imaging. The clinical diagnosis was Marchiafava-Bignami disease (MBD). As temporary treatment, refraining from alcohol consumption and administration of vitamins were prescribed. The condition of the patient gradually improved. The purposes of this study were to demonstrate the clinical and radiological variety of MBD and to identify practical methods of treatment of this pathology.