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In 2009, the Japan Anti-Doping Agency (JADA) established the "Sports Pharmacist Accreditation Program" to prevent doping in sports. Since then, anti-doping activities in Japan have been attracting attention. In this study, we investigated research about the current status of doping from 2007 to 2014 in Japan to make anti-doping activities more concrete, and we also discussed future anti-doping activities by pharmacists. In Japan, bodybuilding was the sporting event with the highest number and rate of doping from 2007 to 2014. Many of the positive doping cases were detected for class S1 (anabolic agents), S5 (diuretics and masking agents), and S6 (stimulants). Within class S1, supplements were the main cause of positive doping. Within class S5, medicines prescribed by medical doctors were the main cause of positive doping. Within class S6, non-prescription medicines (e.g., OTC) were the main cause of positive doping. When we looked at the global statistics on doping, many of the positive doping cases were detected for class S1. On comparing the Japanese statistics with the global statistics, the rate of positive doping caused by class S1 was significantly lower, but that caused by classes S5 and S6 was significantly higher in Japan than in the world. In conclusion, pharmacists in Japan should pay attention to class S1, S5, and S6 prohibited substances and to the sport events of bodybuilding. Based on this study, sports pharmacists as well as common pharmacists should suggest new anti-doping activities to prevent doping in the future.

It is important for pharmacists in a medical team to take vital signs before intervention. However, there are few studies regarding the willingness for taking vital signs among pharmacy students. In this study, we conducted a questionnaire survey for 1 st -, 4 th -, and 6 th -year students at the Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, to evaluate their willingness toward taking vital signs. The question was "As a pharmacist, do you want to be able to take vital signs?" Students selected one of the following options: "yes," "no," or "neither." They also wrote the reason for their selection. This was analyzed using text mining, and correspondence analysis was conducted to determine the relationship between "the combination of school grade and selected answer" and keywords. We grouped similar combinations of frequency of keywords using cluster analysis and selected the keywords that significantly developed in a provided cluster. Consequently, typical keywords provided by the 1 st -and 4 th -year students who selected "yes" were "patients," "emergency," and "clinical condition;" however, those provided by the 6 th -year students who selected "yes" were "homecare," "side effect," and "discovery." On the other hand, the typical keywords provided by the 1 st -, 4 th -, and 6 th -year students who selected "no" or "neither" were "specialist," "pharmacist," and "work." Therefore, the recognition of taking vital signs by pharmacists may be different among 1 st -, 4 th -, and 6 th -year students. To develop education related to taking vital signs for pharmacy students, further detailed surveys regarding various factors that affect students＇ recognition of taking vital signs is required.Key words --vital signs, pharmacy students, text mining, correspondence analysis, cluster analysis

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