No abstract

Our study suggests several risk factors, including smoking, family history, and reproductive history that may increase the risk of SLE.

We examined the relation between coffee drinking and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) mortality in the Japan Collaborative Cohort Study for Evaluation of Cancer Risk (JACC Study). In total, 110 688 cohort members (46 399 male and 64 289 female subjects) aged 40 -79 years were grouped by coffee intake into three categories: one or more cups per day, less than one cup per day and noncoffee drinkers. Cox proportional hazards model by SAS was used to obtain hazard ratio of HCC mortality for each coffee consumption categories. The hazard ratios were adjusted for age, gender, educational status, history of diabetes and liver diseases, smoking habits and alcohol. The hazard ratio of death due to HCC for drinkers of one and more cups of coffee per day, compared with non-coffee drinkers, was 0.50 (95% confidence interval 0.31 -0.79), and the ratio for drinkers of less than one cup per day was 0.83 (95% confidence interval 0.54 -1.25). Our data confirmed an inverse association between coffee consumption and HCC mortality. (Tabor, 1998). Heavy alcohol consumption (La Vecchia et al, 1988;Tanaka et al, 1992) and dietary aflatoxins (Bulatao-Jayme et al, 1982;Yu et al, 1999) increase the risk of HCC, while diabetes (La Vecchia et al, 1997), smoking (La Vecchia et al, 1988;Yu et al, 1999) and low education level (La Vecchia et al, 1988) are also reported risk factors.Coffee drinking has been inversely related to the risk of liver cirrhosis in several studies (Klatsky and Armstrong, 1992;Klatsky et al, 1993;Corrao et al, 1994Corrao et al, , 2001La Vecchia et al, 1998;Gallus et al, 2002a), although no significant relation was found in two case -control studies from Italy (La Vecchia et al, 1989) and Greek (Kuper et al, 2000). To investigate further an association between coffee drinking and HCC mortality, we analysed data from the Japan Collaborative Cohort Study for Evaluation of Cancer Risk sponsored by Monbusho (JACC Study). SUBJECT AND METHODS SubjectsSubjects were 110 792 cohort members (46 465 males and 64 327 females) aged 40 -79 years from JACC Study, the design of which has been previously described (Ohno et al, 2001). The subjects were followed up from 1988 -1990 until the end of 1999. Residential and survival status was confirmed by searching in roster of residents for moving out or death, and in death certificate for cause and date of death under the permission from the Director-General of Prime Minister's Office.End point for the present study was death from HCC, coded as C22.0 in International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th Revision (ICD-10). Subjects with HCC at baseline or died from HCC within 2 years after registration in the study were excluded from the analysis. Subjects coded C22.9 (hepatic malignancy not otherwise specified) were also excluded from the analysis. The total number of subjects was 110 688 (46 399 males and 64 289 females). The subjects who died of HCC during the observation periods were 287 male and 114 female subjects. Questionnaire and data correctionAfter obtainin...

Acute toxicity with this method was acceptable. Further patient accrual and longer follow-up will allow comparison to other techniques.

To explore the association between dietary habits and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) mortality in Japan, univariate analyses was performed using data from the JACC Study. A cohort of 46,465 males and 64,327 females aged 40 to 79 in 19 prefectures in Japan completed the baseline survey during 1988-1990 and were followed up until the end of 1999. The hazard ratio (HR) of HCC mortality for each food item by gender, age group (40-59 and 60-79 years) and history of liver diseases was obtained by Cox proportional hazards model. Some categories, such as boiled rice, ham and sausage, chicken, fish and pickles among men without history of liver diseases and those of miso-soup, fish, carrots and squash, and potatoes among women without history of liver diseases showed a significant inverse association with HCC mortality. Frequent intake of eggs was significantly associated with increased HCC mortality in men without history of liver diseases. Potatoes and foods boiled down in soy sauce (tsukudani) showed a significant positive association, and pickles had a significant inverse association with HCC mortality in men with history of liver diseases. Frequent intake of coffee showed a significant inverse association with HCC mortality both in men and women with history of liver diseases. It is considered that further analysis using a multivariate Cox proportional hazards model including other confounding factors will be required for a more meaningful interpretation of the data.