A machine translation system of English to Japanese is described, which has been used in 24hour direct satellite broadcasting by NHK to translate "World News." In order to treat a wide scope of news sentences, the system is provided with more than I00,000 lexical entries as well as about 3,000 grammatical rules which can robustly analyze various types of undefined words. It is also effective in translation of news sentences to preprocess proper nouns, to resolve structural ambiguities by weighting grammatical rules, and to select appropriate words using semantic markers. The operational experiments on machine translation in satellite broadcasting are briefly discusse~ 3o8

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In Japan a concept similar to social pedagogy is 'social education' in Japan. The aim of this paper is to clarify the reality of social education in Japan through discussion on the history, theory, methodologies, professionalization and practice of social education in Japan. The goal of social education is to achieve individual self-fulfillment by either systematically organizing formal education and non-formal education, or accumulating non-formal education, and at the same time, contributing to a better society. This also means the realization of a social capital in a community. The realization of a better society and individual self-fulfillment are the social welfare philosophy itself. Although the ways of approaching social education and social welfare are different, it may be said that they share the same philosophy.In recent years, there have been attempts to integrate social education and welfare, and develop structurally-consolidated practices in some communities. Administratively, it is a challenge to bureaucratic sectionalism. The problem is with the arrangement of staff who are in charge of its practice. It is possible to create a Social Education Welfare practice in communities by assigning staff who are in charge of social education and staff who are in charge of social welfare. Both of the groups will cooperate and work together. The practice carried out by the cooperation between social education and welfare will lead to the development of community and also the structure of community governance.In the future, it will be necessary for communities develop with the purpose of realization of a better society through the practices of social welfare and education. The structure of Social Education Welfare based on communities suggests the direction of social education in Japan in the future. RESUMEN: El concepto que corresponde a pedagogía social en Japón es 'educación social'. El propósito de este artículo es esclarecer la realidad de la educación social en Japón, a través del debate sobre la historia, teoría, metodología, profesionalización y práctica de la educación social en Japón. El objetivo de la educación social es lograr la realización personal individual organizando sistemáticamente tanto la enseñanza académica oficial como la extraoficial, y de la concentración en la última para contribuir a la mejora de la sociedad. También busca la realización de un capital social en la comunidad. La realización de una sociedad mejor y de la realización personal a nivel individual compone la filosofía del bienestar social. Aunque las maneras de abordar la educación social y el bienestar social son diferentes, se puede decir que comparten la misma filosofía. En los últimos años, se ha intentado integrar la educación social y la asistencia, con el fin de desarrollar unas prácticas consolidadas estructuralmente en algunas comunidades. Administrativamente, es un desafío para el regionalismo burocrático, y el problema yace en las disposiciones en cuanto al personal a cargo de su práctica. Es posible c...