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We fabricated white polymer light‐emitting diodes (PLEDs), in which the active region is doped with a low‐weight molecule. The host polymer material is Poly(9,9‐didodecyl‐fluorenyl‐2,7‐yleneethylnylene) (PFO), while the guest luminescent low‐weight‐molecule is 4‐(Dicyanomethylene)‐2‐methyl‐6‐(p‐dimethylaminostyryl)‐4H‐pyran (DCM). The photoluminescence (PL) and electroluminescence (EL) spectra strongly depend on DCM‐doping‐density. However, the most suitable DCM‐doping‐densities for white emissions in PL and EL are slightly different. This discrepancy is caused by the difference in excitation efficiencies. The photo‐excitation system for PL measurement is better than the current injection for generating carriers efficiently. Thus, the realization of the white EL signal requires the larger DCM‐doping‐density than that of the white PL signal. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

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Lightning damages of home electric appliances occurred in 154 houses of 6,024 monitors, were gathered in summer and winter seasons of 1987-1991 and 1996-1997. Types of damaged home appliances are summarized and extent of the damages are investigated.Furthermore the magnitude of invading lightning currents and the path of the invasion were estimated by means of inspections of the inner circuits of damaged home appliances and the experimental verifications. These investigations can lead to the development of lightning protection methods for home electric appliances of this highly computerized society.

A field experiment was conducted to investigate the phytate, phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), potassium (K), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn) and manganese (Mn) contents during seed development and plant growth in soybean plants (Glycine max (L) Merr.). The amount of total P in plants increased with increasing plant dry weight. The seed P content increased sharply from anthesis, and the P distribution percentage in the seed reached 35% of the absorbed P at the full‐maturity stage. The P content in flowers was 5.62 g kg−1 dry matter, and that in the seed increased to 7.75 and 9.59 g kg−1 dry matter at 30 and 75 days after anthesis, respectively. The percentages of organic P and cellular P contents in the grain reached to 80–90% of the total P content at early immaturity stage, while it decreased with seed maturity. The percentage of phytic acid P in seeds to total P content was 68% at the full maturity stage. The phytate concentration negatively correlated with Ca, Mg, Zn, Mn and Fe concentrations in the seed; however, the total P concentrations in the seed correlated positively and the K concentration did not correlate with the phytate concentration. The Ca, Mg, Zn, Mn and Fe accumulated greatly at the early maturity stage of seeds; however, phytate accumulated with the increase in total P concentration with seed maturity.