By means of one-dimensional, electromagnetic, particle-in-cell simulations, we investigate the nonlinear development of lower hybrid wave (LHW) instabilities driven by energetic ions with a ring-like velocity distribution, paying special attention to the effects of energeticion injection. We consider the LHWs propagating perpendicular to the magnetic field in a collisionless plasma into which energetic ions with a speed smaller than the Alfvén speed are continuously injected. We found that the LHWs excited by the energetic ions can maintain large amplitudes for a long time because the continuous injection causes the steep gradient of the energetic-ion velocity distribution. Furthermore, as time advances, the wavenumber of excited modes become larger. Because of this nonlinear development of the LHWs, the energy transfer from the energetic ions to bulk ions through the LHWs is enhanced. As the injection speed increases, a wide wavenumber range of the modes are excited and the bulkion energy change increases.
Synaptogyrins are conserved components of the exocytic apparatus and function as regulators of Ca(2+)-dependent exocytosis. The synaptogyrin family comprises three isoforms: two neuronal (synaptogyrin-1 and -3) and one ubiquitous (synaptogyrin-2) form. Although the expression patterns of the exocytic proteins synaptotagmin-1, SNAP-25, synaptobrevin-2 and synaptophysin have been elucidated in taste buds, the function and expression pattern of synaptogyrin-1 in rat gustatory tissues have not been determined. Therefore, we examined the expression patterns of synaptogyrin-1 and several cell-specific markers of type II and III cells in rat gustatory tissues. Reverse transcription/polymerase chain reaction assays and immunoblot analysis revealed the expression of synaptogyrin-1 mRNA and its protein in circumvallate papillae. In fungiform, foliate and circumvallate papillae, the antibody against synaptogyrin-1 immunolabeled a subset of taste bud cells and intra- and subgemmal nerve processes. Double-labeling experiments revealed the expression of synaptogyrin-1 in most taste cells immunoreactive for aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase and the neural cell adhesion molecule. A subset of synaptogyrin-1-immunoreactive taste cells also expressed phospholipase Cβ2, gustducin, or sweet taste receptor (T1R2). In addition, most synaptogyrin-1-immunoreactive taste cells expressed synaptobrevin-2. These results suggest that synaptogyrin-1 plays a regulatory role in transmission at the synapses of type III cells and is involved in exocytic function with synaptobrevin-2 in a subset of type II cells in rat taste buds.
Past satellite observations in the polar region at about 4,000 km altitude have reported lower hybrid waves (LHWs) and their harmonics, but the excitation mechanism of the harmonic LHWs has not yet been clarified. We perform one-dimensional, electromagnetic, full particle-in-cell simulations by setting parameter values in the ranges observed by the satellite. The results from the two runs, that is, for ω pe /Ω e = 0.1 and 0.2, show that the energetic ions can generate the harmonic LHWs in both cases. However, in the former case, more harmonic LHWs with larger amplitudes are created and stronger background-ion acceleration is observed. Thus, our present simulations have solved a previously unsolved problem, revealing the possibility that harmonic LHWs are involved in ion acceleration phenomena commonly observed in the polar region, such as ion outflow.
<p>The ESA/Rosetta spacecraft has studied the comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko for two years. Rosetta Plasma Consortium's Ion Composition Analyser (RPC/ICA) detected comet-origin water ions that are accelerated to > 100 eV.<span>&#160; </span>Majority of them are interpreted as ordinary pick-up acceleration<span>&#160; </span>by the solar wind electric field perpendicular to the magnetic field during low comet activity [1,2]. As the comet approaches the sun, a comet magnetosphere is formed, where solar winds cannot intrude.</p><p>However,&#160; some water ions are accelerated to > 1 keV even in the magnetosphere [3]. Using RPC/ICA data during two years [4], we investigate the acceleration events > 1 keV where solar winds are not observed, and classify dispersion events with respect to the directions of the sun, the comet, and the magnetic field.<span>&#160; </span>Majority of these water ions show reversed energy-angle dispersion. <span>Results of the investigation also show that these ions are flowing along the (enhanced) magnetic field, indicating that the parallel acceleration occurs in the magnetosphere.</span></p><p>In this meeting, we show a statistical analysis and discuss a possible acceleration mechanism.</p><p><strong>References</strong></p><p>[1] H. Nilsson et al., MNRAS 469, 252 (2017), doi:10.1093/mnras/stx1491</p><p>[2] G. Nicolau et al., MNRAS 469, 339 (2017), doi:10.1093/mnras/stx1621</p><p>[3] T. Kotani et al., EPSC, EPSC2020-576 (2020), https://doi.org/10.5194/epsc2020-576</p><p>[4] H. Nilsson et al., Space Sci. Rev., 128, 671 (2007), DOI: 10.1007/s11214-006-9031-z&#160;</p>
<p class="p1"><span class="s1"><strong>Introduction</strong></span></p> <p class="p2"><span class="s1">The Plasma Consortium Ion Composition Analyzer (RPC/ICA) onboard ESA's Rosetta mission has revealed that comet-origin water ions are accelerated in a more complicated manner than previously thought</span><span class="s2"><sup>[1]</sup></span><span class="s1">. Understanding these acceleration mechanisms in a cometary environment is an important issue in both cometary science and plasma physics. Very close to the comet, ambipolar diffusion accelerates newly ionized (by solar Extreme-UV (EUV) radiation, electron impact ionization, or charge-exchange) outgassing water molecules from the comet. If moderately far from the comet where solar winds can access, water ions are picked up by the solar wind and accelerated by the solar wind electric field</span><span class="s2"><sup>[1]</sup></span><span class="s1">.</span></p> <p class="p2"><span class="s1">However, water ions are also accelerated in the magnetosphere, where solar wind ions cannot intrude and background neutrals may play some role. The acceleration mechanism there is not fully understood due to an unknown electric field environment. One common characteristic as observed by ICA near in the comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko is energy-angle dispersion when the acceleration is > 100 eV</span><span class="s2"><sup>[2,3]</sup></span><span class="s1">.<span class="Apple-converted-space">&#160; </span>If the acceleration is > 300 eV (particularly > 1 keV), we found that dispersion becomes reversed for almost all cases. In our presentation, we show two typical types of energy-angle dispersions. We also discuss a possible acceleration mechanism.</span></p> <p class="p1"><span class="s1"><strong>Instrument</strong></span></p> <p class="p2"><span class="s1">RPC-ICA measures the distribution function of positively charged ions with mass-separation capability, has a field of view (FOV) of 360&#176; with 22.5&#176; resolution in azimuthal angle, and scanning 90&#176; in the elevation direction over 192 sec with ~ 5&#176; resolution for each elevation scan.<span class="Apple-converted-space">&#160; </span>To survey all the comet-rendezvous data from 2014 August to 2016 September, we used one-hour quick-look (QL) data as shown in Figure 1 and Figure 3. The magnetometer RPC-MAG measures the three components of the magnetic field, with an accuracy of ~ &#177;3 nT per component.</span></p> <p class="p1"><span class="s1"><strong>Observation</strong></span></p> <p class="p2"><span class="s2"><strong>1. Nose-dispersion:</strong></span><span class="s1"><span class="Apple-converted-space">&#160; </span>Figure 1 shows the energy-time, energy-angle, and energy-mass spectrograms of positively charged ions from 7 December 2015, 23:00-24:00 UTC. In Figure 1, the direction of the energy-elevation dispersions is reversed between above 500 eV and below 200 eV, making the entire pattern nose-like.<span class="Apple-converted-space">&#160; </span>This pattern is also seen in the integrated energy-elevation spectrograms in Figure 1b.<span class="Apple-converted-space">&#160; </span>Figure 1c indicates that they are heavy ions whereas the solar wind ions (H</span><span class="s3"><sup>+</sup></span><span class="s1">, He</span><span class="s3"><sub>2</sub><sup>+</sup></span><span class="s1">, He</span><span class="s3"><sup>+</sup></span><span class="s1">) are not observed. The energy of the "nose", where the direction of dispersion reversed, is about 300-500 eV. We find 68 events (in terms of 1-hour QL data) for this type of dispersion with maximum energy > 1 keV out of 12268 hours QL data during 2 years.</span></p> <p class="p2"><img src="data:image/png;base64, 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
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
customersupport@researchsolutions.com
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply.
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.