Subtropical mode water (STMW) promotes material exchange by water mixing, through such means as turbulence or advection, and affects ecosystems in the Northwest Pacific. STMW is defined as a water mass, with potential temperature (θ) of 16°C-19°C, potential density (σ θ ) of 25-26 kg m −3 , and low potential vorticity. This water mass property is widely observed in the region of 128°-175°E and 18°-34°N in the North Pacific Subtropical
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