Anisakiasis is a parasitic disease caused by the ingestion of raw or uncooked seafood infected with third-stage larvae of the anisakid nematodes. A 45-year-old Japanese man presented with epigastric pain and itchy skin with rash on his arm, chest, and back after eating vinegar-marinated raw mackerel sushi. He underwent an emergent endoscopic examination using narrow-band imaging (NBI) that revealed two anisakidlarvae. NBI showed the larvae more clearly than white light imaging on the cardiac region of the stomach. We sprayed L-menthol on the larvae for stopping their movement and then easily removed them using biopsy forceps. The macroscopic examination and genotype analysis of the specimens revealed the two larvae as belonging to A. simplex sensu stricto. Our case demonstrates the usefulness of endoscopic examination with NBI and of the L-menthol spray in visualizing and immobilizing the larvae for removal.

Background The parasympathetic nervous system exerts and controls intestinal tone. Several studies have suggested that the coefficient of the R-R intervals (CVRR) is useful for evaluating the parasympathetic nervous system. Objectives This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between gastrointestinal emergencies, specifically ischemic colitis (IC) and small bowel obstruction (SBO), and the autonomic nervous system. Methods In this retrospective study, a total of 13 patients with IC or SBO aged ≧65 years were analyzed. CVRR was measured in patients with IC and SBO and controls. Results CVRR averaged to 8.8% ± 2.5% in controls, 1.4% ± 0.4% in patients with IC, and 2.4% ± 1.0% in SBO groups (p < 0.001). CVRR was significantly lower in patients with IC and SBO than that in controls. Conclusion The results of this study demonstrate the possibility that CVRR may serve as a clinical index for assessing the functioning of the parasympathetic nervous system in patients with IC or SBO.

Background and study aims: Underwater endoscopic mucosal resection (UEMR) is effective for colorectal intramucosal lesions. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether a longly-attached cap in UEMR improves the en bloc resection rate for 20–30 mm lesions. Patients and methods: We performed a retrospective study at a tertiary institute. Candidates for the study were systematically retrieved from an endoscopic and pathological database from October 2016 to December 2020. We assessed the procedural outcomes with UEMR for lesions ≥ 20 mm in size and the clinical factors contributing to en bloc resection. Results: A total of 52 colorectal lesions that underwent UEMR were included. The median procedure time was 271 (66–1264) seconds. The en bloc resection rate and R0 resection rate were 75% and 73%, respectively. Intraprocedural perforation occurred in one (1.9%) case, but no bleeding occurred. Delayed bleeding occurred in one (1.9%) case, but no delayed perforation occurred. Regarding tumor size, macroscopic type, tumor location, and the presence or absence of a history of abdominal operation, there was no significant difference between the en bloc resection and piecemeal resection groups. The visibility of the whole lesion, longly-attached cap, and sessile serrated lesions were more frequently observed in the en bloc resection group than in the piecemeal resection group (P <0.001, P =0.01, and P =0.04, respectively). Multivariate analysis showed longly-attached cap was the only independent factor associated with en bloc resection (P =0.02). Conclusions: A longly-attached cap might contribute to en bloc resection.

Ganglioneuromas (GNs) in adults are uncommon clinical entities, especially in the colon. Patients with GNs without multiple endocrine neoplasia or neurofibromatosis-I are normally asymptomatic; however, GNs can present with abdominal pain, weight loss, bleeding, and anemia, depending on the size and location. Here, we present a case of solitary colonic GN treated with endoscopic mucosal resection. A 40-year-old Japanese outpatient with a positive fecal occult blood test visited our hospital. We performed diagnostic colonoscopy, which revealed a polyp of 15-mm diameter in the ascending colon. Electromagnetic resonance imaging was performed, and the histological examination revealed benign polypoid spindle-cell proliferation, ganglion cells, and thick nerve bundles, which was positive for S-100 protein immunoreactivity consistent with GN.

Herein, we report two rare basaloid squamous cell carcinoma (BSCC) cases. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy revealed a submucosal tumor‐like lesion and a biopsied specimen showed a finding suspected of BSCC in both cases. Both lesions underwent endoscopic submucosal dissection with en bloc resection, and long‐term survival was achieved using additional chemoradiotherapy. The standard treatment for BSCC has not been determined, and there are few reports of esophageal BSCC treated using endoscopic resection. Endoscopic submucosal dissection and additional chemoradiotherapy for superficial BSCC may be effective treatment options.