The number of known mRNA transcripts in the mouse has been greatly expanded by the RIKEN Mouse Gene Encyclopedia project. Validation of their reproducible expression in a tissue is an important contribution to the study of functional genomics. In this report, we determine the expression profile of 57,931 clones on 20 mouse tissues using cDNA microarrays. Of these 57,931 clones, 22,928 clones correspond to the FANTOM2 clone set. The set represents 20,234 transcriptional units (TUs) out of 33,409 TUs in the FANTOM2 set. We identified 7206 separate clones that satisfied stringent criteria for tissue-specific expression. Gene Ontology terms were assigned for these 7206 clones, and the proportion of 'molecular function' ontology for each tissue-specific clone was examined. These data will provide insights into the function of each tissue. Tissue-specific gene expression profiles obtained using our cDNA microarrays were also compared with the data extracted from the GNF Expression Atlas based on Affymetrix microarrays. One major outcome of the RIKEN transcriptome analysis is the identification of numerous nonprotein-coding mRNAs. The expression profile was also used to obtain evidence of expression for putative noncoding RNAs. In addition, 1926 clones (70%) of 2768 clones that were categorized as "unknown EST," and 1969 (58%) clones of 3388 clones that were categorized as "unclassifiable" were also shown to be reproducibly expressed.

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Based on these results, it can be postulated that mild trigonocephaly is frequently associated with developmental delays and that these symptoms can be improved to a certain degree by decompressive cranioplasty.

Background Lymph node metastases in patients with soft tissue sarcomas are rare and these metastases are frequently associated with certain histologic subtypes. The survival is believed to be poor if lymph node metastases occur and the potential benefit of lymphadenectomy is unclear. Questions/purposes We determined whether lymph node metastases affect overall survival with regard to the status of lymphadenectomy, histologic subtypes, isolated or systemic metastasis, and the timing of presentation of lymph node metastases.Methods We retrospectively reviewed all 871 patients diagnosed with soft tissue sarcomas between 1983 and 2008 to determine whether they had lymph node metastases at diagnosis or subsequently and whether they had lymphadenectomy for treatment. Overall survival was assessed and the effect of prognostic variables was examined by a log rank test. Results Forty-nine of the 871 patients (6%) had lymph node metastases. The estimated 5-year survival rate for the group of 49 patients with lymph node metastases was 27%. Those who had lymphadenectomy had better survival at 1.5 years although there was no difference between those who did not undergo lymphadenectomy at 5 years. Patients with nonrhabdomyosarcoma had better overall survival than patients with rhabdomyosarcoma. Timing of development of lymph node involvement and whether lymph node metastases were an isolated site did not affect the overall survival. Conclusions Overall survival of patients with lymph node metastases was related to histologic subtypes and patients with nonrhabdomyosarcoma had better survival than those with rhabdomyosarcoma.

16 pediatric and 4 adult cases of small-or medium-sized middle fossa arachnoid cyst were subjected to various neuroradiological investigations and their results were analyzed in terms of possible mechanisms of cyst expansion. Based on the results of the investigations which strongly suggested that the cyst is an expanding lesion, all cases were surgically treated by the same techniques of craniotomy, excision of the outer cyst membrane, followed by a cystoperitoneal shunt, resulting in complete disappearance of the cyst concomitant with reexpansion of the surrounding brain and marked improvement in the clinical pictures of the patients.