The Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) are useful in many applications environments and do not need any infrastructure support. Much work has been done on routing in MANETs. However, the proposed routing solutions only deal with the best effort data traffic. Connections with Quality of Service (QoS) requirements, such as voice channels with delay and bandwidth constraints, are not supported. The QoS routing has been receiving increasingly intensive attention in the wireline network domain. However, these QoS routing algorithms can not be applied directly to MANETs, because of the bandwidth constraints and dynamic network topology of MANETs. Searching for the shortest path with minimal cost and finding delay constrained least-cost paths are NP-complete problems. For this reason, approximated solutions and heuristic algorithms should be developed for multi-path constraints QoS routing. Also, to cope with changing of MANET topology, routing methods should be adaptive, flexible, and intelligent. In this paper, we propose a Genetic Algorithm (GA) based routing method for Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (GAMAN). Robustness rather than optimality is the primary concern of GAM AN. The GAM AN uses two QoS parameters for routing. The performance evaluation via simulations shows that GAM AN is a promising QoS routing algorithm for MANETs.

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As smartphones and other small portable devices become more sophisticated and popular, opportunities for communication and information sharing among such device users have increased. In particular, since it is known that infrastructure-less device-to-device (D2D) communication platforms consisting only of such devices are excellent in terms of, for example, bandwidth efficiency, efforts are being made to merge their information sharing capabilities with conventional infrastructure. However, efficient multi-hop communication is difficult with the D2D communication protocol, and many conventional D2D communication platforms require modifications of the protocol and terminal operating systems (OSs). In response to these issues, this paper reports on a proposed tree-structured D2D communication platform for Android devices that combines Wi-Fi Direct and Wi-Fi functions. The proposed platform, which is expected to be used with general Android 4.0 (or higher) OS equipped terminals, makes it possible to construct an ad hoc network instantaneously without sharing prior knowledge among participating devices. We will show the feasibility of our proposed platform through its design and demonstrate the implementation of a prototype using real devices. In addition, we will report on our investigation into communication delays and stability based on the number of hops and on terminal performance through experimental confirmation experiments.

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