To investigate the occurrence, causes, and risk factors of color vision deficiency among Taif, Saudi Arabia secondary school students. A cross-sectional study was carried out on secondary schools, during the period from 1 to 31 June 2022. Secondary school students, of Taif city, Saudi Arabia. Data were collected using a personal interview with the students using a predesigned questionnaire covering the needed items. Students diagnosed with color blindness were 2.0%; of them, persons diagnosed with protan color blindness were 58.3%, while 41.6% had deutan color blindness, and students diagnosed with CVD were 0.4%. On the other hand, 4.2% could not see shades or tones of the same color and the same percent had difficulty distinguishing between colors. Regarding the cause of CVD, our study revealed that 4.2% of the studied population were due to primary causes (hereditary), and the same percent were due to secondary diseases. As regards family history, 1.0% had a mother and/or father affected by the disease, 0.8% had a sibling with the disease, and 96.3% had no family history. It was also found that there is a significant relationship between CVD and family history (p-value =0.008). There was a higher incidence in males than females, there is a significant relationship between gender and CVD (p-value=0.001). Students diagnosed with color blindness were 2.0%; of them, persons diagnosed with protan color blindness were 58.3%, while 41.6% had deutan color blindness, and students diagnosed with CVD were 0.4%. There was a higher incidence in males than females.