The study was conducted to assess factors that determine a household's participation and intensity of use in the Gemechis district. A multi-stage sampling technique was employed and 167 sample households were selected by using the Cochran formula. Both quantitative and qualitative data types from primary and secondary sources were collected. Cross-sectional data were gathered through a semi-structured questionnaire survey. For both dummy and continuous variables, chi-square (χ2) and independent t-test statistics were used, respectively, to test the significance of the mean value of the two groups of participants and nonparticipants. The double hurdle model was used to analyze determinants of farmers' decision to participate and intensity of use of small-scale irrigation practice. Results of the first part of the double hurdle (probit) model revealed that the sex of household heads, household size, the annual income of the household, farm distance from the water source, access to extensions, and credit services were found to significantly determine the participation decisions of farmers in the small-scale irrigated agriculture, at different significance levels. In the second part of the double hurdle (truncated) model indicates household size, access to own oxen, farming Tale Geddafa ABOUT THE AUTHOR Tale Geddafa is a full-time lecturer in the

Biogas is environmentally sound and economically viable, clean, and renewable energy source. Despite its numerous benefits and dissemination efforts, the adoption of biogas technology has been low. The objective of this study was to assess factors determining adoption of biogas technology as an alternative energy source at household level in Aleta Wondo district, southern Ethiopia. A multistage sampling technique was employed to select sample households. A total of 148 sample households, 51 biogas technology adopters, and 97 nonadopter households were surveyed. The collected data were analyzed by inferential statistics and econometric model using STATA version 13.1. Results from the probit model showed that education level of household head, annual income level, livestock holding size, access to technical support, and level of awareness have significant positive influence on households’ decision to adopt biogas technology. Other factors include poor performance of biogas plants associated to technical problems, and high installation costs unaffordable to the majority of rural population had a negative implication in adoption process. These are also the factors contributing to low adoption. Therefore, raising the population awareness on the benefits of biogas and assigning the biogas technicians who can give immediate maintenance services at “Kebele” level could extend the biogas technology.