The epidemiological evidence for an obesity-cancer association is solid, whereas the association between obesity-associated lipoprotein levels and cancer is less evident. We investigated circulating levels of Apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1), Apolipoprotein B (ApoB), LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) and HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) and association to risk of overall cancer and common cancer forms. The Malm€ o Diet and Cancer Study, a population-based prospective cohort study, enrolled 17,035 women and 11,063 men (1991)(1992)(1993)(1994)(1995)(1996). Incident cancer cases were ascertained by record linkage with the Swedish Cancer Registry until end of follow-up, January 1, 2012. Baseline serum levels of ApoA1 and ApoB were analyzed for the entire cohort and HDL-C and LDL-C levels in 5,281 participants. Hazard ratios, with 95% confidence interval, were calculated using Cox's proportional hazards analysis. In the entire cohort, none of the exposures were related to overall cancer risk (HR adj ApoA1 5 0.98, 95%CI: 0.95,1.01; HR adj ApoB 5 1.01, 95%CI: 0.98-1.04). Among men, ApoB was positively associated with cancer risk (HR adj ApoB 5 1.06, 95%CI: 1.01,1.10). Female breast cancer risk was inversely associated with ApoB (HR adj 5 0.92, 95%CI: 0.86,0.99). Among both genders, ApoA1 was inversely associated with lung cancer risk (HR adj 5 0.88, 95%CI: 0.80,0.97), whereas high ApoB increased lung cancer risk (HR adj 5 1.08, 95%CI: 0.99,1.18). Colorectal cancer risk was increased with high ApoB (HR adj 5 1.08, 95%CI: 1.01,1.16) among both genders. Apolipoprotein levels were not associated with prostate cancer incidence. Circulating levels of apolipoproteins are associated with overall cancer risk in men and across both genders with breast, lung and colorectal cancer risk. Validation of these findings may facilitate future primary prevention strategies for cancer.Cancer incidence has increased continuously over time forcing action to be taken at all stages of prevention. 1 In particular, improved primary prevention of cancer requires identification of risk markers, preferentially in drug and lifestyle modifiable systems. 1,2 Within the field of cardiovascular disease (CVD), development of risk markers has been

Background: Heel ulcers in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and peripheral arterial disease (PAD) are hard to heal. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the difference in amputation-free survival (AFS) between open and endovascular revascularization in patients with DM, PAD, and heel ulcers. Methods: Retrospective comparative study of results of open versus endovascular surgery in patients with DM, PAD, and heel ulcer presented at the multidisciplinary diabetes foot clinic between 1983 and 2013. Results: Patients with heel ulcers were treated with endovascular intervention (n ¼ 97) and open vascular surgery (n ¼ 30). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the AFS was higher in patients undergoing open vascular surgery compared to the endovascular group (P ¼ .009). Multivariate analysis showed that open vascular surgery versus endovascular therapy (hazard ratio 2.1, 95% confidence interval 1.1-3.9; P ¼ .025) was an independent factor associated with higher AFS. The proportion of patients undergoing endovascular therapy in the former (1983-2000) time period was 47% compared to 89% in the latter (2001-2013) time period (P < .001). Conclusion: The AFS was higher after open than endovascular surgery among patients with DM and PAD with heel ulcer. These results suggest that open vascular surgery should be offered more often as opposed to current practice.

This study demonstrates HMGCR expression in DCIS and suggests HMGCR as a predictive marker of response to postoperative radiotherapy in DCIS, although the test for interaction was nonsignificant. Future DCIS studies addressing the potential of statin treatment targeting HMGCR are warranted.

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