Employee retention is a vital issue in the pharmaceutical industry of Pakistan. Currently organizations and employees both are affected simultaneously with this serious problem. Current study was quantitative in nature and was conducted to measure the mediating influence of psychological capital between perceived organizational politics and employee retention. By using a simple convenient sampling technique, 255 questionnaires were acquired and data was analysed by smartPLS 2.0 statistical tool. Finding of the current study concluded that perceived organizational politics negatively but insignificantly effects employee retention. However, the relationship was negative and significant with psychological capital and psychological capital significantly mediated the relationship. Discussion and limitation with future recommendation are further discussed.

Current study inspected the psychometric properties of multifactor leadership questionnaire (MLQ) in pharmaceutical sector of Pakistan. Data was collected from 370 employees working in pharmaceutical companies in Lahore region of Punjab, Pakistan. Data was analyzed by using Smart-PLS 2.0 statistical software. The results of the current study demonstrated that all the leadership styles in MLQ were adequately relevant according to the Pakistani context. The results further revealed that each leadership style showed optimum internal consistency reliability, convergent validity and discriminant validity. Based on the current study results, it is highly suggested that the use of MLQ instrument would be very useful in order to measure the leadership styles in Pakistan, particularly in pharmaceutical sector.

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