Three experiments investigated the effects of time-pressure and evaluation apprehension on the mere-exposure phenomenon (Zajonc, 1968

The present study is a simultaneous investigation of the contents of political beliefs and their characteristics among Israeli students. In addition, it examines their perceived use of information sources. The results indicate that political beliefs regarding the Israeli-Arab conflicts are organized systematically around the dovelhawk dimension. Also, a positive relationship was found between centrality of beliefs and confidence in them; between well-defined political identification and centrality and confidence; and between agreement with the beliefs and confidence. Finally, the results show that the perceived use of information sources is related to political identification. The performed investigation demonstrates the importance of combining the study of the contents of beliefs with that of their characteristics, since the latter have important Implications for understanding individuals' cognitive, affective, and behavioral reactions.

The objective of the described study was to assess the effect of living in a communal settlement in Israel's occupied territories on residents' general feelings of insecurity and related variables. The sample was drawn from three settlements that are similar in size, urban-communal nature, year of establishment, and socioeconomic status, but different in geographic location, political ideology, and extent of exposure to the Palestinian uprising. The results indicate, contrary to the authors' hypothesis, that living in the settlement had little effect on insecurity feelings and most other dependent variables. On the other hand, variables related to the personal rather than the communal context had a significant effect on insecurity feelings. These variables included gender, ethnic origin, level of income, age, having a family member who lived through the Holocaust, level of hawkishness, military service, religiosity, and health problems. Findings are interpreted and considered in the context of the cognitive-relational appraisal theory.