Practice guidelines for the treatment of tinea capitis (TC)from the European Society for Pediatric Dermatology are presented. Tinea capitis always requires systemic treatment because topical antifungal agents do not penetrate the hair follicle. Topical treatment is only used as adjuvant therapy to systemic antifungals. The newer oral antifungal agents including terbinafine, itraconazole, and fluconazole appear to have efficacy rates and potential adverse effects similar to those of griseofulvin in children with TC caused by Trichophyton species, while requiring a much shorter duration of treatment. They may be, however, more expensive (Grading of recommendation A; strength of evidence 1a). Griseofulvin is still the treatment of choice for cases caused by Microsporum species. Its efficacy is superior to that of terbinafine (Grading of recommendation A; strength of evidence 1b), and although its efficacy and treatment duration is matched by fluconazole (Grading of recommendation A; strength of evidence 1b) and itraconazole (Grading of recommendation A; strength of evidence 1b), griseofulvin is cheaper. It must be noted, however, that griseofulvin is nowadays not available in certain European countries (e.g., Belgium, Greece, Portugal, and Turkey).These guidelines were prepared on behalf of the European Society for Pediatric Dermatology (ESPD). They were edited by the ESPD committee on Tinea Capitis management, namely E. Bonifazi, A. Mota, A. Oranje, H. Sillevis-Smitt, and A. Taieb, and then approved by the board members of ESPD. DEFINITION-EPIDEMIOLOGYTinea capitis (TC) is a dermatophyte infection of the scalp hair follicles and intervening skin, mainly caused by anthropophilic and zoophilic species of the genera Trichophyton and Microsporum (1,2). Although an overall

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The age of peak incidence of AA in children is 0-5 years. Children with AA have an increased family history of autoimmunity, and, among children with a first episode and short duration of AA (< 6 months), thyroid screening might be restricted in those with a positive family history of thyroid disorder. Thyroid screening should be routinely performed in all children with long-standing AA.