Background & Aims: Bipolar disorder is one of the most common psychiatric disorders in the 21st century. It is a chronic, recurrent disorder causing mood swings, and patients alternate between episodes of mania and depression. Diagnosis of bipolar disorder is a stressful issue for the individual and his family. The disease not only causes anxiety and stress for the client, but also causes severe disturbances to his family. The family caregivers of clients with a psychiatric disorder and the resulting stress do not react in the same way and choose different ways to deal with the illness. Denial, anger, feelings of shame, as well as indifference and change in the relationships between family members are among the negative feelings in caregivers. Caregivers can only overcome the stress of caring for a client with a psychiatric disorder and maintain their health and that of their family when they are resilient. The concept of resilience in caregivers of clients with psychiatric disorders refers to the flexible and well-developed behavioral pattern of caregivers in response to the difficulties and challenges encountered while caring for the client. Resilience in caregivers of clients with psychiatric disorders is a dual concept. On the one hand, caregivers overcome the difficulties and challenges of caring for the client and take steps to maintain and improve his physical and mental health. On the other hand, by promoting their mental health, they are able to act stronger than before in the face of advanced troubles and problems. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effect of a psychoeducation program on the resilience of caregivers of patients with bipolar disorder hospitalized in Sanandaj Psychiatric Center. Materials & Methods: This is a quasi-experimental study conducted during autumn and winter, 2019. The samples included 64 caregivers of a client with bipolar disorder hospitalized in Sanandaj Psychiatric Center. Convenience sampling was employed, and the samples were randomly divided into experimental (32) and control (32) groups. For sampling, the researcher first visited the psychiatric center and identified caregivers of clients with bipolar disorder. Then, the researcher introduced the study and obtained written informed consent. In the next stage, the caregivers who met the inclusion criteria were selected. First, the caregivers of the control group and then the caregivers of the experimental group entered the study (to prevent the transfer of information in the groups). Caregivers were asked prior to the study to complete a demographic questionnaire and the Connor-Davidson resilience scale (CD-RISC). The caregivers of the experimental group underwent psychoeducation in groups of 4 to 5. The training lasted four weeks and was performed one a week for about 45 to 60 minutes. Psychoeducation followed a systematic and structured approach in order to raise awareness and change the attitude of families about the nature of the disease, how to treat it, increasing communication skills, and problem-solving ...

Background Mental health experts believe that stigma is the most challenging issue for caregivers of clients with psychiatric disorders. Therefore, monitoring and assessing the affiliate stigma in the caregivers is necessary. This study is aimed to investigate the effect of psycho-education program on the affiliate stigma in the caregivers of clients with bipolar disorder. Materials and Methods This quasi-experimental study with both intervention and control groups was conducted Ghods Hospital in Sanandaj (n = 64). Psycho-education program was performed for the intervention group for 4 weeks (one session per week for 60 to 90 minutes). Data was collected using the Affiliate Stigma Scale before and after intervention (with 4 weeks gap). Results The results of study showed that there was no difference between intervention and control groups in terms of the distribution of contextual variables. The mean and the standard deviation of the affiliate stigma before the conducting the psycho-education program in the control group was (73 ± 14.72), and in the intervention group was (69.63 ± 14.66). After the intervention and administrating the post-test, the results in the control group was (74 ± 14.21) and in the intervention group was (35.06 ± 8.31) which showed a statistically significant difference (P < 0.001). Conclusions According to the obtained results in this study and based on the other studies’ result, the routine care is not able to meet the educational needs of the caregivers of clients with bipolar disorder. Psycho-education is effective on the reduction of the affiliate stigma of caregivers of clients with bipolar disorder and it can be considered as one of the stigmatization strategies.

Introduction Paying attention to stigma among caregivers to provide proper care for patients is necessary, and promoting awareness (about mental illness and mental health) to taking care of the caregivers’ health, is crucial. Objective This study aimed to investigate the effect of psycho-education on the affiliate stigma in family caregivers of people with bipolar disorder. Method This study is a quasi-experimental research with an experimental and control groups. 64 family caregivers of people with bipolar disorder participated in this study (32 in each group). Data was collected using the demographic questionnaire and Affiliate Stigma Scale before and after intervention (with 4 weeks gap). The experimental group received a psycho-education program for four weeks. The control group carried on their normal routine lifestyle. Results The mean scores of the affiliate stigma of both control and experimental groups before the intervention did not show a statistically significant difference ( P = .36), however after the intervention the results were statistically significant and increased in the experimental group ( P < .001). Conclusion According to the findings of this study psycho-education is an effective intervention that can reduce the affiliate stigma among family caregivers of people with bipolar disorder and it can be considered as one of the de-stigmatization strategies for them.

BACKGROUND: Resilience in family refers to the flexible and developed behavioral pattern in the caregivers of clients with mental disorders that face challenges during the caring process. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of psychoeducation program on resilience in the caregivers of clients with bipolar disorder. METHODS: This is a quasi-experimental study with a control and an experimental group. The participants of the study were 64 caregivers of clients with bipolar disorder in Sanandaj. The experimental group received the intervention for 4 weeks. The control group did not receive any intervention. The instrument of this study included a demographic questionnaire and a Connor-Davidson (CD-RISC) Resilience Scale. The data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (independent t-test, paired t-test and repeated measures analysis of variance) using SPSS-22 software. RESULTS: The results showed that there is no difference between the experimental and control groups in terms of the distribution of contextual variables. There was no statistically significant difference between the mean and standard deviation of the resilience score before the intervention in the control group and in the experimental group (P = 0.059). However, after the intervention, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.001) and showed an increase in the experimental group. CONCLUSION: This Quasi-experimental study indicates that psychoeducation is an effective way for the resilience in the caregivers of clients with bipolar disorder and it can be promote resilience in the caregivers.

Introduction:Moral intelligence is the capacity to understand right from wrong and to behave based on the value that is believed to be right. This study determined moral intelligence and its constructive items among nursing professionals. Materials and Methods:This research is a descriptive and cross-sectional study. In this study, 195 nursing professionals from Malayer city were selected. Data were collected by demographic form and moral intelligence scale. Validity and reliability of this scale were confirmed using content validity and test-retest (r=0.92) methods. Data were analyzed by descriptive and analytical statistics using SPSS software. Results:The mean score of total moral intelligence among nursing professionals was 69.75± 8.4 in the range of 20-100. The maximum score of moral intelligence was 78.15 and the minimum was 61.35 and the overall range of moral intelligence scores ranged from good to poor. There was a significant relationship between the education level of the samples and the moral intelligence variable (p<0.05). Conclusion:It is necessary pay attention to the findings, consider the concept of moral intelligence in nursing professionals and try to promote it. This can be achieved through nursing managers in practice and nursing professors in the field of education.