No abstract

Abstract. Hussein TH, Al-Shuhaib MBS, Al-Thuwaini TM. 2020. Potential mitochondrial diversity role in the productivity of three lines of Japanese quails. Biodiversitas 21: 2258-2265. This study was conducted to identify the mitochondrial D-loop genetic diversity in three lines of Japanese quails that differ in productive performance. A total of 223 quails consisting of 54, 84, and 85 of black (control line), white (egg-producing line), and brown (meat-producing line) quails respectively were genotyped by PCR-single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP). The genetic and phylogenetic differences within and among quails’ populations were analyzed. Three different SSCP banding patterns were observed in black and brown quails, while white quails exhibited six different SSCP-banding patterns. Sequencing reactions confirmed the presence of 12 haplotypes with 48 variations distributed among the studied birds. The white line exhibited the most diverse nucleotide variability, followed by the brown, and black lines respectively. The mean diversity for all populations was mainly due to within-population variation (71.6%), while among-population variation accounted for much less value (28.4%). Tajima’s D test showed significant values for both productive white (2.45680) and brown (3.07723) lines. In conclusion, this study suggested a wide nucleic acid variation in the investigated egg productive line than the meat productive line respectively compared with the black line control, implying a positive correlation between mitochondrial variability and productive performance.

. Litter size is one of the crucial factors in livestock production and is of high economic value, which is affected by ovulation rate, hormones, and growth factors. Growth factors play a multifaceted role in reproductive physiology. This review aims to investigate the association of bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15) and growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9) with litter size in livestock. The transforming growth factor β (TGF- β) superfamily includes more than 34 members; GDF9 and BMP15 are among the most significant factors for regulating fertility and litter size in most livestock species. Ovarian follicles release BMP15 and GDF9 that are involved in the maturation of primary follicles into the basal form, proliferation of granulosa and theca cells, steroidogenesis, ovulation, and formation of the corpus luteum. Besides, these factors are highly expressed in oocytes and are necessary for female fertility and multiple ovulation in several livestock species. Animals with two inactive copies of these factors are sterile, while those with one inactive copy are fertile. Thus, the present review provides valuable information on the association of BMP15 and GDF9 with litter size in livestock that can be used as biological markers of multiple ovulation or for improving fertility in livestock.

This study was conducted to find out hepatoprotective activity of hesperidin (HES) 100mg/kg body weight (b.w.) against ciprofloxacin (CPX) 100 mg/kg induced hepatotoxicity in local breed rabbits .CPX is a broad spectrum antibiotic used for treatment of many bacterial infections. Twenty four male rabbits were divided into four groups ,group1: control, (1 ml/kg Saline orally) group 2: CPX (100 mg/kg orally) for (14) consecutive days , group 3: HES (100 mg//kg) orally for (14) consecutive days group 4: CPX (100 mg/kg orally) plus HES (100 mg//kg orally ) for (14) consecutive days. All the rabbits were killed on the (15) day of the experiment, and then the blood, and livers samples were taken. CPX induced hepatotoxicity was proved by a significant (p less than 0.01) reduction in the body weight ,and a significant (p less than 0.01) increased serum aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT) , Malonaldehyde enzyme (MAD) and histopathological changes. Protective hepatic toxicity effect and oxidative damage caused by CPX significantly (p less than 0.01) increasing in body weight and significantly (p less than 0.01) decreasing AST , ALT, MAD and improving tissue morphology in HES (100 mg//kg) . These results assure that HES (100 mg//kg) antioxidant effects can protect CPX-induced hepatotoxicity in rabbits.