14Alkaline basaltic volcanism has been taking place in the Carpathian-Pannonian Region 15 since 11 Ma and the last eruptions occurred only at 100-500 ka. It resulted in scattered low-16 magma volume volcanic fields located mostly at the margins of the Pannonian basin. Many of 17 the basalts have compositions close to those of the primitve magmas and therefore can be 18 used to constrain the conditions of the magma generation. Low degree (2-3%) melting could 19 occur in the convective asthenosphere within the garnet-spinel transition zone. Melting started 20 at about 100 km depth and continued usually up to the base of the lithosphere. Thus, the final 21 melting pressure could indicate the ambient lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary. The 22 asthenospheric mantle source regions of the basalts were heterogeneous, presumably in small 23 scale, and included either some water or pyroxenite/eclogite lithology in addition to the fertile 24 to slightly depleted peridotite. Based on the prevailing estimated mantle potential temperature 25 This is reinforced by the detected low-velocity seismic anomalies in the upper mantle beneath 37 the volcanic fields. 38 39Manuscript Click here to download Manuscript: IJES_paper_2014_rev.docx Click here to view linked

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There are two Triassic vertebrate sites in Villány Hills (Southern Hungary), where productive and continuous excavations have been carried out in the last six years resulting in a rich and diversified assemblage of shallow marine to coastal animals. The studied formations belong to the Villány–Bihor Unit of the Tisza Megaunit, which was located at the passive margin of the European Plate during the Triassic. The relatively diverse vertebrate assemblage was collected from a Road-cut on Templom Hill and a newly discovered site at a construction zone located on the Somssich Hill. Four main lithofacies were identified and interpreted in the newly discovered Construction vertebrate site consisting of dolomite (deposited in a shallow, restricted lagoon environment), dolomarl (shallow marine sediments with enhanced terrigenous input), reddish silty claystone (paleosol) and sandstone (terrigenous provenance) indicating that the sediments of the Construction vertebrate site were formed in a subtidal to peritidal zone of the inner ramp environment, where the main controlling factor of the alternating sedimentation was the climate change. However, the recurring paleosol formation in the middle part of the section also indicates a rapid sea-level fall when the marine sediments were repeatedly exposed to subaerial conditions. In the Road-cut site the siliciclastic sediments of the Mészhegy Sandstone Formation are exposed, representing a nearshore, shallow marine environment characterized by high siliciclastic input from the mainland.

Monogenetic basaltic volcanic systems, despite their considerable smaller size and shorter lifetime compared to polygenetic volcanoes, can have complex pre-eruptive histories and composite volcanic facies architectures. Their source-to-surface investigation is essential for our better understanding of monogenetic volcanism and requires high-resolution mineral-scale analyses.In this study, we focus on diversely zoned olivine crystals and their spinel inclusions from alkaline basaltic volcanics that are the result of mixing of numerous magmas, crystals and fragments of various origins. The Fekete-hegy volcanic complex is one of the largest and most composite eruptive centers in the intracontinental monogenetic Bakony-Balaton Highland Volcanic Field (western Pannonian Basin, Eastern Central Europe). It is a compound multi-vent system built up by multiple eruption episodes: initial maar-forming phreatomagmatic eruptions were followed by massive lava flows and magmatic explosive activity. We performed stratigraphically controlled sampling in order to reveal the history of the successively erupted magma batches represented by the distinct eruptive units, as well as to discover the petrogenetic processes that controlled the evolution of the magmatic system.The juvenile pyroclasts of the phreatomagmatic eruption products (unit 1) contain a remarkably diverse mineral assemblage including five different olivine types and three distinct spinel groups. In addition, they comprise various xenoliths. Based on detailed textural investigations combined with in situ electron microprobe analyses, high-resolution laser ablation ICP-MS trace element mapping and single spot measurements on the IntroductionMineral-scale studies on various volcanic rocks have long been demonstrated as being key to understanding sub-volcanic systems. As minerals respond both texturally and compositionally to changing magmatic environments, they retain abundant information concerning the history of magmatic compositions and processes in their crystal growth stratigraphy (e.g., Davidson et al., 2007;Ginibre et al., 2007;Blundy and Cashman, 2008;Streck, 2008). Thus, detailed investigation of the textures, zoning patterns and compositions of rock-forming minerals allows us to detect distinct populations and to reveal the origins of single crystals, making it a powerful tool in discovering the evolution of magmatic systems.Olivine crystals are valuable recorders of deep-seated petrogenetic processes and involved magmas. Their high-resolution textural, zoning and chemical analysis provides a particular insight into the pre-eruptive evolution of various magmatic systems (e.g.