Only a small minority of Guinean lay people and HCPs consider that HCPs' refusal to provide care to Ebola patients is always unacceptable. The most commonly endorsed position is that HCPs' duty to provide care to Ebola patients is linked to society's reciprocal duty to provide them with the working conditions needed to fulfil their professional duty.

Tuberculosis (TB) is a global outbreak whose drug resistance is a constant threat. This study aimed at describing anti-TB drugs resistance and treatment outcomes among retreatment TB patients in Guinea between 2008 and 2012. We conducted a retrospective cohort study with a sample of 558 patients aged of at least 10, who were admitted for TB retreatment and who were tested for anti-TB drugs susceptibility during the study period. Overall, 3187 retreatment TB patients were recorded from January 1, 2008 to December 31, 2012 in Guinea, of which 558 (17.5%) performed susceptibility testing to anti-TB drugs. We found overall resistance in 417 cases (74.7%) including 356 (85.4%) of multidrug resistance (MDR), 29 (6.9%) of monoresistance (isoniazid 2.9%, streptomycin 2.9%, rifampicin 0.9%, ethambutol 0.2%) and 32 (7.7% of polydrug resistance (isoniazid + streptomycin 4.3%, rifampicin + streptomycin 1.4%, isoniazid + ethambutol + streptomycin 1.0%, rifampicin + ethambutol + streptomycin 1.0%). Most of the patients (84.6%) with anti-TB drugs resistance were under 45 and labourers were mostly represented (27.8%) including drivers in majority (37.9%). MDR-TB incidence rate increased by 12.2% between 2008 (65.6%) and 2012 (77.8%), and the annual cure rate decreased gradually from 60.0% in 2009 to 45.7% in 2012. Among MDR-TB patients (n= 356), only 112 (31.5%) benefited from second-line treatment regimen, of which, 51.7% were cured, 6.3% completed treatment, 24.1% died, 6.3% were lost to follow-up and 11.6% were not evaluated. The cure rate was higher in HIV-negative patients (55.3%) than in those who were HIV-positive (35.3%) and the death rate was the highest (41.2%) in HIV-positive patients. Overall, treatment success rate was 58.0%. This study revealed a low rate of performing drug susceptibility testing, the gradual increase of the incidence of MDR-TB each year and the gradual decrease of cure rate from year to year. Besides, anti-TB drugs resistance concerned mostly drivers in our context. Prospective studies are needed for a deep understanding of the factors associated with these persistent challenges.