The severity of a transfusion reaction depends on alloantibody titres within the recipients' blood. Determination of an agglutination titre of naturally occurring alloantibody may help to assess the risk of transfusion reactions following an unmatched transfusion in a cat population. In this group of 312 cats 227 had blood type A, 78 had blood type B, and seven had type AB blood. All type B cats tested showed gross evidence of agglutinating anti-A antibody with plasma titres ranging from 2 to 256. Among the 227 type A domestic cats tested for plasma anti-B alloantibody titres, 70% had gross agglutination with titres ranging from 2 to 16, while 17.6% had microscopic agglutination. The remaining 12.4% of the type A cats were negative for both gross and microscopic agglutination. Based on agglutinating titres, the relative risk of a transfusion reaction when type A or AB blood was given to a type B cat was 6.4% with acute severe reaction, acute mild reactions in 85.9% and premature red cell destruction in 7.7%. On the other hand, transfusion of type AB blood or type B blood to type A cats carries a potential risk of acute mild transfusion reaction in 4.4% and premature red cell destruction in 83.3%. Transfusion of type A or B blood to type AB cats results in no apparent clinical transfusion reactions.

The overall type B frequency in Turkish domestic cats is high. Thus, untyped transfusions in these cats carry a high risk of life-threatening acute haemolytic transfusion reactions and neonatal isoerythrolysis. It is therefore strongly recommended that blood typing be performed before breeding or transfusing in order to minimise blood type incompatibility risks.

Bovine coronavirus (BCoV) is an important cause of diarrhoea in calves, winter dysentery in adult cattle and respiratory tract disease in feedlot cattle. Serum, faecal and nasal swab samples were collected from a total of 96 cattle with clinical signs in 29 barns of 23 villages in Northwestern Turkey. The cattle were subdivided into 3 distinct age groups (0-30 days old, 4-12 months old and 2-7 years old). An indirect antigen-capture ELISA and an antibody-detection ELISA as well as geometric mean BCoV antibody titres were used to detect BoCV shed in the faeces and in the nasal secretions, respectively. Relationships between BCoV shedding and age group, seroconversion and clinical signs in cattle were also analysed. The rate of faecal shedding of BoCV was 37.1% (13/35) in 0-30 days old calves, 25.6% (10/39) in 4-12 months old feedlot cattle and 18.2% (4/22) in 2-7 years old cows. The overall rate of BCoV faecal shedding was 28.1% (27/96) in the cattle examined. Only one animal in the 4-12 months old age group was found to shed BoCV nasally. The analysis showed that there was a significant difference (P < 0.0001) with respect to faecal shedding between the clinical signs and the age groups. BCoV antibody titre in 50% of all cattle was ≤100 as detected by ELISA while 27.1% of the cattle had high titres ranging between 1,600 and 25,600. The seroconversion rate was 7.3% (7/96) in animals shedding BoCV in the faeces and 42.7% (41/96) in cattle negative for faecal shedding as detected by ELISA, and 20.8% of cattle with no seroconversion shed BCoV in the faeces. There was no statistically significant association between seroconversion and nasal or faecal BCoV shedding. These findings confirm the presence of BCoV infections in Turkey. Further studies are needed to isolate BCoV strains in Turkey and to investigate their antigenic and genetic properties.

Ectopia cordis is a rare congenital anomaly characterized by partial or complete displacement of the heart, outside the thoracic cavity. Ectopia cordis is usually associated with other multiple anomalies and intra-cardiac defects due to developmental problems in the ventral body wall. In this report, a 6 day-old, 55 kg male Holstein calf with a case of ectopia cordis cervicalis and its surgical treatment has been presented. Following examinations (clinical, haematological, ECG, x-ray, USG and CT) a single staged surgery was performed to correct localisation of the heart in the thoracic cavity. The case was followed up 10 days postoperatively. However, the calf died at the end of post-operative day 10 due to septic shock. Keywords: Calf, Ectopia cordis cervicalis, Congenital abnormality Holstein Irkı Bir Buzağıda Ectopia Cordis Cervicalis Olgusu ve Operatif Sağaltımı ÖzetEctopia Cordis, kalbin göğüs kafesi dışında, parsiyal ya da tam olarak anormal yerleşimiyle karakterize, seyrek rastlanan kongenital bir anomalidir. Ectopia cordis, ventral karın duvarının gelişimindeki problemlere bağlı olarak genellikle intrakardiyak defektlerle ya da diğer çoklu anomalilerle ilişkili olabilir. Bu makalede, 6 günlük, erkek, 55 kg ağırlığında, Holstein bir buzağıda görülen ectopia cordis cervicalis olgusu ve operatif sağaltımı anlatılmaktadır. Yapılan muayeneler (klinik, hematolojik, EKG, radyografik, ultrasonografik, BT) sonucunda hastaya, kalbin göğüs kafesi içine alınmasına yönelik olarak tek seansta, cerrahi sağaltımda bulunuldu. Hastanın, 10 gün süreyle postoperatif takibi yapıldı fakat buzağı 10. günün sonunda septik şok nedeniyle öldü.