Background In Ethiopia, neonatal mortality is unacceptably high. Despite many efforts made by the government and other partners to reduce neonatal mortality; it has been increasing since 2014. Factors associated with neonatal mortality were explained by different researchers indifferently. There is no clear evidence to identify the magnitude of neonatal mortality and associated factors in the study area. The study aimed to assess the magnitude and factors associated with neonatal mortality. Methods Facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 834 randomly selected neonates. The study was conducted from February 20 to March 21, 2020. Data were extracted from medical records using a checklist adapted from the World Health Organization, and neonatal registration book. The data were inserted into Epi-data version 3.1 and then exported into SPSS window version 20 for analysis. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were employed to identify the association between independent variables and the outcome variable. Results Magnitude of neonatal mortality was 14.4% (95% CI:11.9,16.7). Being neonates of mothers whose pregnancy was complicated with antepartum hemorrhage [AOR = 4.13, 95%CI: (1.92,8.85)], born from mothers with current pregnancy complicated with pregnancy-induced hypertension [AOR = 4.41, 95%CI: (1.97,9.86)], neonates of mothers with multiple pregnancy [AOR = 2.87, 95% CI (1.08,7.61)], neonates delivered at the health center [AOR = 5.05, 95%CI: (1.72,14.79)], low birth weight [AOR = 4.01, 95%CI (1.30,12.33)], having perinatal asphyxia [AOR =3.85, 95%CI: (1.83,8.10)], and having early-onset neonatal sepsis [AOR = 3.93, 95%CI: (1.84,8.41)] were factors significantly associated with neonatal mortality. Conclusion The proportion of neonatal mortality was relatively in line with other studies but still needs attention. Antepartum hemorrhage, Pregnancy-induced hypertension, place of delivery, low birth weight, having perinatal asphyxia, and having neonatal sepsis were independent factors. The hospital, and health care workers should give attention to neonates admitted to intensive care units by strengthening the quality of care given at neonatal intensive care unit like infection prevention and strengthening early detection and treatment of health problems during Antenatal care visit.

Background Every year, immunization prevents about 4–5 million child fatalities from vaccine preventable morbidities. Conversely, in Ethiopia, achieving full coverage of vaccination has continued to be challenging. Socio-demographic, caregivers and child related factors determine vaccination coverage. Therefore, this study aimed to find out recent coverage, trends in coverage, and its predictors in eastern Ethiopia. Methods A population-based longitudinal study design was conducted among 14,246 children aged 12–24 months from 2017 to 2021 in Kersa Health and Demographic Surveillance System site (KHDSS). The data were collected from caregivers of the child by face to face interview. Multinomial logistic regressions were used to identify predictors of vaccination. The association between vaccination coverage and its predictors was presented by adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence interval. A p-value of <0.05 was used to establish statistical significance. Results From the 14,198 included children, only 39% of children were fully vaccinated, with highest proportion in 2020 (45%) and lowest proportion in 2019 (32%). In comparison to fully vaccinated, being partially vaccinated was positively associated with older maternal age, rural residence, unemployment, rich wealth index, no antenatal care, facility delivery, and birth order whereas negatively associated with semi-urban residence. In compared to fully vaccinated, being not vaccinated was positively associated with older maternal age, rural residence, maternal education, unemployment, and no antenatal care whereas negatively associated with semi-urban residence, poor wealth index, multipara, grand multipara, and facility delivery. Conclusion Less than two-fifths of children aged 12 to 24 months were fully vaccinated. Socio-demographic factors and maternity care utilization were found to be predictors of vaccination coverage. Therefore, strategies that emphasize women’s empowerment in terms of education, economy, and employment status, and enhancing maternal healthcare utilization may improve vaccination coverage.

Background Maternal healthcare services satisfaction has been widely recognized as a critical indicator of quality in healthcare systems. Thus this study aimed to assess maternal satisfaction with delivery care services. Methods An institutional-based cross-sectional study design was utilized among 400 randomly selected postnatal mothers from 1 to 30 February 2018. The data were entered into EpiData version 4.2.0 and computed using SPSS version 20. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were done using binary logistic regression to identify associations of factors. Results A total of 400 participants were included, with a response rate of 98.8%. The overall delivery services satisfaction level of mothers was 80% (95% confidence interval [CI] 75.8 to 84.0). Delivery through caesarean section (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 2.85 [95% CI 1.21 to 6.72]), privacy assured (AOR 3.73 [95% CI 1.79 to 7.75]), duration of labour (AOR 3.03 [95% CI 1.50 to 6.14]), waiting time (AOR 4.31 [95% CI 2.24 to 8.29]) and foetal outcome (AOR 4.33 [95% CI 1.94 to 9.66]) were associated with satisfaction with delivery care services. Conclusion The study revealed that four-fifths of mothers were satisfied with the delivery care services provided in public hospitals. Much effort is needed from hospital administrators and health professionals to improve delivery services satisfaction by minimizing waiting time, maintaining privacy and securing waiting areas.

IntroductionCholera remains a serious public health problem characterized by a large disease burden, frequent outbreaks, persistent endemicity, and high mortality, particularly in tropical and subtropical low-income countries including Ethiopia. The recent cholera outbreak in the Somali region began on 4 September to 1 November 2019. Cholera may spread rapidly through a population so that an early detection and reporting of the cases is mandatory. This study aimed to identify determinants of cholera infection among &gt;5 years of age population in Somali region, Ethiopia.MethodsA community-based unmatched case-control study was conducted among 228 (76 cases and 152 controls, 1:2 ratio) systematically selected population. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire administered by an interviewer and a record review. Descriptive statistics and multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify the determinants of the risk factors of cholera infection with a 95% confidence interval and statistical significance was declared a tap-value &lt; 0.05.ResultsA total of 228 participants (33.3% cases and 66.7% controls) were enrolled in this study. The majority of the cases were in the range of 20–49 years of age (69.7%). The odds of acquiring cholera infection increased significantly by drinking unsafe pipe water (AOR 4.3, 95% CI 1.65–11.2), not having a household level toilet/latrine (AOR 3.25, 95% CI 1.57–6.76), hand washing only sometimes after the toilet (AOR 3.04, 95% CI 1.58–5.86) and not using water purification methods (AOR 2.3, 95% CI 1.13–4.54).ConclusionMajor risk factors for cholera infection were related to drinking water and latrine hygiene. Improvement in awareness creation about cholera prevention and control methods, including water treatment, hygiene and sanitation were crucial in combating this cholera outbreak. Primary public health actions are ensuring clean drinking water, delivery of water purification tablets, soap and hand sanitizers and provision of health care and outbreak response. Long term goals in cholera affected areas include comprehensive water and sanitation strategies. Overall, the strategic role of a multi-sectoral approach in the design and implementation of public health interventions aimed at preventing and controlling cholera are essential to avert cholera outbreaks. Preparedness should be highlighted in cholera prone areas like Somali region especially after drought periods.

Background Hypertension among diabetic patients is a worldwide public health challenge and a leading modifiable risk factor for other cardiovascular diseases and death. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of hypertension among diabetic patients in Ethiopia. Methods The studies were selected using PubMed, Embase, Health InterNetwork Access to Research Initiative and Cochrane Library databases and Google searches. Two independent authors carried out the data extraction using a predetermined and structured method of data collection. R version 3.5.3 and RStudio version 1.2.5003 were used for analysing the data. To assess possible publication bias, funnel plot test methods were used. The guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses were used to publish the results. This study was registered in the Prospective Register Systematic Reviews (CRD42020170649). Results A total of 218 articles were identified but only 6 six full-text abstract papers were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. The random effects model analysis showed that the pooled prevalence of hypertension among type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) patients in Ethiopia was 55% (95% confidence interval [CI] 49 to 61). The subgroup analysis of the pooled prevalence of hypertension among type 2 DM patients in the Oromia and Southern regions was 51% (95% CI 42 to 59) and 58% (95% CI 54 to 63), respectively. The pooled prevalence of hypertension among type 2 DM patients was higher among urban residents (60% [95% CI 54 to 67] and 52% [95% CI 41 to 63] among urban and rural residents, respectively). Conclusions This study showed a high pooled prevalence of hypertension among type 2 DM patients in Ethiopia. Appropriate preventive measures should be implemented to reduce the burden of hypertension among DM patients in Ethiopia.