Globally, climate change is a challenge facing humans and their socio-economic activities, health, livelihood, and food security and is the most serious threat that adversely affects agricultural productivity; it will influence temperature and rainfall. The objective this review is to assess the effect of climate change and variability on agriculture. To achieve this objective different literature from different sources were collected, organized and summarized carefully. Even though, it is global problem, developing countries like Africa, are the most adversely affected by climate change due to low level adaptive capabilities of the countries. Climate change and agriculture are inextricably linked. Agriculture still depends fundamentally on the weather. In many parts of the world climate change has already caused a negative impact on agriculture, because of increasingly severe weather patterns. Similarly, year to year crop production substantially influenced by Climate variability even in high yield and high-technology agricultural areas. Its impacts of on agriculture have significant consequences on livelihoods, food production, and the overall economy of countries, particularly those with agriculture-based economies in the developing world by affecting crop production, livestock productivity, horticultural crops, aquaculture (fish production), apiculture. It is expected to continue to cause floods, worsen desertification and disrupt growing seasons.

Climate change is global issue, that affect the world's population in various degree. Adaptation strategies have to be established to combat an adverse impact of climate change. Among the adaptation strategies which is used by different local communities to adapt climate change is traditional ecological knowledge system. Therefore, the overall objective of this review is to assess the role of traditional ecological knowledge in climate change adaption. To achieve this objective different article were collected from different sources, organized and summarized and compile it carefully. TEK is a knowledge, that has been preserved and transferred orally from generation to generation and through cultural expressions such as arts, crafts, and ceremonies. It has a great role in natural resource management which enhance the adaptation capacity of local people to adverse impact of climate change. On other hand, it is also important in forecasting the near and long-term climate change by using different techniques that are available in their surroundings. Integrating traditional ecological knowledge and scientific knowledge is very important to adapt climate change impact. Therefore, it is important to give a recognition for traditional ecological knowledge at local, national and international level as to practice all over the world.