This yearlong ethnographic study explored the work of two Latino teachers who identified themselves as critical literacy teachers and who taught ninth-grade Latino students whose scores on standardized reading tests fell in the bottom 20th percentile. Framed in critical pedagogy and multimodality, this study sought to answer the following questions: (1) What experiences do two Latino teachers identify as significant in their approach to teaching from a critical and social justice perspective? (2) What pedagogical choices do these teachers make and what literacy practices do they exhibit that evidence this perspective? With the significant growth in numbers of Latino students in the United States and in public school classrooms, this study compels literacy educators and researchers who work with diverse student populations to pay close attention to the critical, reflective, and transformative practices of Latino teachers who engage students most at risk for dropping out.

How do primary students construct understandings of the opposite sex? In what ways do these constructions manifest in the visual texts created in literacy and language arts classrooms? Using visual discourse analysis (Albers, 2007) and scheme analysis (Sonesson, 1988) as interpretive methods, we analyzed the visual texts created by 23 third grade students created at the end of a unit of study in which students explored gender stereotypes. Findings suggest the need for close readings of the graphic, structural, and semantic information conveyed by visual texts that children create in literacy and language arts classes.

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