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In the early Japanese Occupation in Malaya (1942-1945), the "Sook Ching" Operation was carried out by the Japanese military administration to eliminate the anti-Japanese Chinese. The operation started in Singapore in February 1942 and extended to the other Malay states, making Singapore the scholars' focal point in studying the operation. In fact, that "Sook Ching" Operation in Penang, especially the case of Chung Ling High School was a shocking event in Malaya. Besides the uniqueness of being the famous Chinese school in Malaya, Chung Ling was the main target of the Japanese army because of its close relationship with the Kuomintang (KMT) and the active involvement in supporting China in Sino-Japanese War since 1937. This study discusses the implementation of the operation in 1942, especially on 5 and 6 April upon the teachers and students of Chung Ling. This is followed by the trial of the people responsible for this case after the Japanese defeat and Chung Ling's remembrance of the incident. This article is about Chung Ling's background and active involvement in anti-Japanese activities, making the school the main target of the Japanese military until the school faced the most horrifying experience among the local education institutions, and was notable for the "Sook Ching" Operation, not only in Pulau Pinang, but also in Malaya. This article which is based especially on the Chinese language sources related to Chung Ling that could not be found in other sources, will give a new interpretation of the "Sook Ching" research that portrays a school which was obviously affected by the operation.

Studies on adolescents’ development have shown that social capital plays an important role in reducing engagement in risky behaviours. However, social capital has been broadly conceptualized. The differences in definition raise the need for a comprehensive scale to capture the full picture of social capital especially among young people. Onyx, Wood, Bullen, and Osburn (2005) developed the 34-itemYouth Social Capital Scale (YSCS), which taps on seven dimensions of social capital (Family and Friends, Participation in Community, Moral Principles, Neighbor Connections, Trust and Safety, Friends and Youth Social Agency). The YSCS is one of the few scales available to measure social capital among young people. Although the YSCS has been found to be reliable and valid, a study using Greece sample revealed that only five out of the seven subscales were psychometrically sound. The inconsistency suggests that structure of the YSCS may vary culturally. The primary goal of this study was to evaluate factor structure of the YSCS in Malaysia context. Confirmatory factor analysis on responses obtained from 194 undergraduates supported the theoretical structure of seven first-order factors and one second order factor upon running the necessary modifications. Specifically, all items loaded on the corresponding seven dimensions as assumed except two items (item 3 and 15). Moreover, a general social capital score can be accounted for by the seven dimensions. The findings offer  preliminary evidence that YSCS is a valid measure of social capital among young Malaysians.However, some items were found conceptually overlapped and modifications are needed to improve qualities of the YSCS.

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