Purpose: To observe the distributions and changes in angle kappa and angle alpha preoperatively and postoperatively in patients with cataract who were implanted with a multifocal intraocular lens (mIOL). Setting: The First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Shaanxi, China. Design: Prospective nonrandomized noncomparative case series. Methods: Eyes that underwent phacoemulsification were included. The magnitudes and orientations of angle kappa and angle alpha preoperatively and postoperatively were compared, respectively. Results: The study comprised 81 eyes of 70 patients. The magnitude of angle kappa significantly decreased after phacoemulsification. No significant differences were observed between preoperative and postoperative angle kappa in orientation, as well as between preoperative and postoperative angle alpha. The correlations between preoperative and postoperative angle kappa and angle alpha were significant. There were displacement vectors for angle kappa (0.15 ± 0.10) and angle alpha (0.12 ± 0.12) after phacoemulsification. Locations of angle kappa of right and left eyes were scattered mostly in the temporal side of corneal light reflection, whereas locations of angle alpha were well organized in the horizontal position on temporal sides of corneal light reflection. Conclusions: The distribution of angle alpha was more organized compared with angle kappa. Angle kappa may change after phacoemulsification. During preoperative evaluation for patients with cataract planning for mIOLs implanted angle alpha may be a more reliable and stable factor compared with angle kappa.

BackgroundCentral retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) is the occlusion of the central retinal artery resulting in retinal infarction and acute vision loss. Digital subtraction angiography (DSA)–guided superselective ophthalmic artery or selective carotid thrombolysis remains the preferred treatment method for CRAO. This study aimed to evaluate the safety and clinical efficacy of the novel ophthalmic artery branch retrograde thrombolytic intervention for CRAO.Material/MethodsFifty patients with monocular CRAO were enrolled, including 28 males and 22 females (mean age: 55.7±2.3 years). The patients were randomly divided into two groups for thrombolysis with urokinase (400,000 U) and papaverine (30 mg) by either ophthalmic artery branch retrograde intervention (group A, n=26) or superselective ophthalmic artery/selective carotid intervention (group B, n=24). There was no significant difference in age (P=0.58), gender ratio (P=0.49), and time to onset (P=1.00) between the two groups. The adverse reactions and clinical efficacy were evaluated by postoperative DSA, fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA), and visual acuity tests.ResultsNo serious complications, abnormal eye movement, or vitreous hemorrhage occurred in either group. DSA showed that group A had an effective rate (92.30%) comparable to that of group B (100%, χ2=2.08, P=0.25). FFA suggested that both groups had similar treatment efficacy (χ2=3.09, P=0.21). Visual acuity tests also confirmed a similar efficacy of the two intervention approaches (χ2=0.25, P=0.88).ConclusionsThe developed novel ophthalmic artery branch retrograde intervention is highly effective and safe for CRAO, and may be a superior method compared with the conventional approach.

In this paper a novel approach to provide satisfactory multiplayer gaming quality in mobile environment is presented. The paper has two contributions: (i) evaluation of the delay characteristics of multiplayer games in mobile environment based on extensive measurements to verify whether HSDPA access can provide a satisfactory gaming quality; (ii) improving the gaming quality with new server update time optimization algorithms taking advantage of the statistical delay characteristics.

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