Electricity supply has gained importance with the increase of electricity demand in the world. The energy that the sun can accept forever provides great convenience for electricity generation. In regions where the sun's rays are steep, it is easier to generate electricity from the solar energy, whereas in regions where the sun's rays are horizontal, the electricity production from the solar energy remains at a lower level. In this study, Istanbul and Adana are compared in the northern and southern regions of Turkey. These two cities were examined for daily sunshine periods, daily and monthly radiation amounts. The effects of air temperatures and sunshine durations on the average radiation amounts have been investigated. The province of Adana has an annual total of 1568.49 kWh, whereas the province of Istanbul has a total of 1327 kWh radiation. When the annual sunshine periods are examined, it is 97.13 hours in Adana and 78.99 hours in Istanbul. It is seen that less electricity production can be done year round in Istanbul province and the hourly production is more than that in Adana when compared to sunrise times. When the average annual temperatures are examined, Adana province is 19 °C and Istanbul province is 13.8 °C. Although the province of Istanbul has a lower average temperature, it has been found that it has a higher yield than the province of Adana.

Brushless DC motor (BLDCM) has been widely used in many different fields such as high efficiency and dynamic response and high speed range in recent years. Since the BLDC motor driver does not behave, it is complex to control it via the proportional-integral (PI) controller. In this article, the mathematical model of the BLDC motor and artificial neural network algorithm is derived to make the BLDC motor control. On the proposed drive, the controller synchronizes quickly with speed, learning the motor speed to follow and load quickly. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated by the model developed in MATLAB / Simulink. The simulation results show that the proposed artificial neural network controller provides a significant improvement in control performance compared to the PI controller for both control reference speed changes and load changes.

INTRODUCTİONRenewable energy sources are those, which can be produced on the earth and in the nature without the need for any generation process, during which CO 2 emissions are produced at a low level or none, on which the damage to the environment is lower than other energy sources, constantly renewed, clean and natural sources of energy such as wind, sun, geothermal, biomass, biogas, wave, current energy and tide. There is a rapidly increasing demand for energy over time. International studies show that environmental leases arising from other fuels have increased, thus accelerating policies that support the use of renewable energy sources seen to be "clean" compared to other sources, making a positive contribution to the environment in terms of their use. The share of the use of renewable resources in total energy production is around 19% in 2006, but it is up to 20% in 2011 and 25% in 2018 thanks to increased work [1]. Our country, which has a significant potential in terms of renewable energy, ranks 7th in the world with its geothermal potential. In addition to this energy source, priority is given to the development of hydroelectric sources as well as wind and solar energy. According to the "Turkish National Renewable Energy Action Plan", the hydroelectricity installed capacity of 20.000 MW in 2023, the capacity of the wind energy capacity of 20.000 MW; Solar energy capacity to 3,000 MW and geothermal energy capacity to 1,000 MW, 30% of total electricity production is planned to be generated from renewable energy [2]. INVESTIGATION OF RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES USED IN THE WORLDEnergy consumption, population growth, urbanization, industrialization, and the spread of technology all over the world are increasing. Non-renewable energy sources, on the other hand, are continuously decreasing in the world, inversely proportional to energy demand [3].

The use of electrical energy from renewable energy sources has increased considerably in recent years. Photovoltaic (PV) solar energy, which is one of the renewable energy sources, takes its source from the sun, which is considered an unlimited source. With the widespread use of photovoltaic systems, some legal regulations by governments have been made for their installation. Simulation programs are used for the design, layout, technical and economic analysis of PV systems. In this study, the design was made using the PVsyst, PV*SOL, Solarius programs, and the PVGIS website used in PV systems. The projects are designed to have an output power of 25 kW. According to the simulation results, the PVGIS website provides approximate data, since technical details cannot be entered. In the results of PVGIS and all simulation programs, it has been calculated that the system can produce 42-48 MWh of electrical energy annually. Power Ratio (PR) results of the system were in the range of 78-85%. Annual electrical energy production per installed kW has been calculated to be 1436-1635 kWh/year. It is stated that the annual saved CO2 will be 18.66-22.226 tons /year. When the simulation results are analyzed monthly, the differences between the months are remarkable. The reason for these deviations can be explained by the annual solar radiation (kWh/m2) data and databases used by the programs. It has been observed that the simulation programs consider the monthly average temperatures and sunshine durations of the region. It is thought that there is a need to compare real-time data with simulation results in future studies. It is considered that this study will be helpful for future studies.

Sabit mıknatıslı senkron motorlar (SMSM) birçok özelliği bakımından değerlendirildiğinde literatürde avantajlı motor türlerinden birisidir. Rotorunda bulunan yüksek güç yoğunluğundaki mıknatıslarla bu motorlar diğer fırçalı motorlara göre birçok avantaj sağlayan motorlardır. Ancak, bu motorlar karakteristik yapısından dolayı oluşan ve motorun çıkış momentini olumsuz etkileyen vuruntu momentine sahiptirler. Radyal akılı sürekli sabit mıknatıslı motorlarda (RASM) vuruntu momentindeki bu olumsuz durumların azaltılması için bazı yöntemler bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışmada vuruntu momentini azaltmaya yönelik stator ve rotor tarafında kullanılabilecek yöntemler üzerinde durulmuştur. Referans bir motorun Ansoft Maxwell yazılımında 2 boyutlu modelinin sonlu elemanlar yöntemi (SEY) ile analizleri yapılarak referans motorun stator ve rotor tarafındaki değişikliklerin vuruntu momentine etkileri karşılaştırılmıştır. Stator tarafında oluk açıklığının azaltılması ile vuruntu momentinde %36,84, rotor tarafında mıknatıs kalınlığının azaltılması ile %42,1 lik bir azalma görülmüştür. Rotor tarafında mıknatıs adımının azaltılması ile vuruntu momentinin azalmasına rağmen ortalama momentte düşüş olduğu görülmüştür.