Double-chambered left ventricle (DCLV) is an extremely rare congenital heart disease. In this condition, the left ventricle (LV) is divided into the main left ventricular chamber (MLVC) and the accessory chamber (AC) by a septum or muscle fiber with abnormal proliferation. The MLVC and AC chambers are connected to each other and can be classified into different types on the basis of their positions. Many researchers have different opinions regarding this disease. 1 | C A S E PRE S ENTATI ONA boy was diagnosed with DCLV at our hospital. The pathological type, diagnostic points, and therapeutic schemes of this condition were considered in the context of current and relevant local and international studies and reports on DCLV. The 9-year-old boy was admitted with the major complaint of 8 years of cardiac murmur, which was originally diagnosed through physical examination when the boy was 9 months old, and 5 years of palpitations and shortness of breath. Echocardiographic examination showed that the boy has congenital heart disease and an atrial septal defect (ASD) with a length of 4 mm. The patient is always being followed up because of his slight ASD. Over the past 5 years, the patient has often experienced palpitations and shortness of breath when participating in strenuous activities. The patient's uncomfortable symptoms intensified 10 days before hospital admission.Admission examination revealed that the boy had a blood pressure of 100/62 mm Hg and heart rate of 74 times/min. The patient also exhibited nonpalpable tremors, slightly enlarged heart borders, regular cardiac rhythm, loud heart sound, and murmur in the left 3-4 sternum during the systolic period (II/III level).Coarse breathing sounds were heard in both lungs. Cyanosis and precordium abnormal uplift were not observed. The boy's liver, spleen, and subcostal areas were intangible, and his lower limbs were not edemic. The results of 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) and Holter monitoring obtained through aided examination indicated sinus arrhythmia with left axis deviation (Figure 1). Chest X-ray revealed an abnormal cardiac shape, as well as the localized protrusion of the left anterior margin of the heart (Figure 2).Echocardiography taken along the left ventricular long axis with an apical four-chamber view showed that the left chamber was obliquely separated into left and right chambers by abnormal muscle bundles. In the parasternal long-axis view, the size of the MLVC was 4.2 × 3.9 cm and that of the AC was 2.1 × 1.8 cm. A wide access hole with the diameter of 1.9 cm during the systolic period was found between the MLVC and AC. The flow rate from the How to cite this article: Zhang W-M, Chang D-Q, Huang J-J, et al. Double-chambered left ventricle: A rare case in a child.

BackgroundCardiac myxoma is the most common primary cardiac tumor. Approximately 75–80% of myxomas are located in the left atrium. Occurrence of multiple myxomas is extremely rare.Case presentationWe describe a rare case of biventricular myxomas resulting in right ventricular inflow and tricuspid valve obstruction. The lesions were detected by echocardiography and thoracic computerized tomography (CT) and confirmed on positron emission tomography–computed tomography.ConclusionThe patient underwent successful surgical resection of the multiple cardiac myxomas. This kind of biventricular case has not been previously reported. The patient is asymptomatic as of the 10-month follow-up.

A fistula between the pulmonary artery (PA) and the left atrium (LA) is a rare congenital heart disease that usually presents with cyanosis, clubbing, and dyspnea, as well as the signs and symptoms of a right‐to‐left shunt. Herein, we report a 16‐year‐old girl with a fistula between the right PA and the LA. This type of fistula could lead to systemic desaturation. This patient also had an atrial septal defect of the secundum type and has been followed up without treatment. The clinical manifestations and treatment of fistulas located between the PA and LA are also reviewed in this report.

Objectives To compare the efficacy and prognosis of one-stop hybrid surgery using the elephant trunk procedure for treatment of complex Stanford type B aortic dissection. Methods We retrospectively analyzed patients who underwent surgical treatment from January 2014 to July 2019. The patients were divided into those who underwent the elephant trunk procedure (n = 10) and those who underwent one-stop hybrid surgery (n = 10). The cardiopulmonary bypass time, mechanical ventilation time, length of hospital stay, and red blood cell usage were compared between the two groups. All patients’ 3-month postoperative aortic computed tomography angiography (CTA) findings were also reviewed. Results The cardiopulmonary bypass time, mechanical ventilation time, and length of hospital stay were significantly shorter and red blood cell usage was significantly lower in the one-stop hybridization group. The aortic cross-clamp time was not significantly different between the two groups. Aortic CTA review after hybrid surgery showed that the true lumen of the descending aorta was almost completely restored at 3 months. Conclusion One-stop hybrid surgery effectively alleviated the occlusion of the aortic dissection, prevented the need for additional surgery, and expanded the indications for covered-stent endovascular repair.