Background: Several sawfly larvae of the Tenthredinidae (Hymenoptera) are called easy bleeders because their whole body integument, except the head capsule, disrupts very easily at a given spot, under a slight mechanical stress at this spot. The exuding haemolymph droplet acts as a feeding deterrent towards invertebrate predators. The present study aimed to describe the cuticle surface, to consider it from a mechanistic point of view, and to discuss potential consequences of the integument surface in the predator-prey relationships.

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The simulation of the wave propagation phenomenon is one of the most challenging issue in the computational mechanics field. Many questions are still open among which we quote: the need for reliable error estimators, preferably in local or engineering quantities, the need for reliable updating methods with respect to material absorption parameters, and, finally, the need for more accurate numerical solutions, particularly to extend the frequency range that can be properly simulated by deterministic approaches. This paper gives an overview showing that the key issue to face all these challenges is the control of the pollution error, mainly caused by the dispersion effect.

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