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Knowledge graphs (KGs) are useful data structures for the integration, retrieval, dissemination, and inference of information in various information domains. One of the main challenges in building KGs is the extraction of named entities (nodes) and their relations (edges), particularly when processing unstructured text as it has no semantic descriptions. Generating KGs from texts written in Spanish represents a research challenge as the existing structures, models, and strategies designed for other languages are not compatible in this scenario. This paper proposes a method to design and construct KGs from unstructured text in Spanish. We defined lexical patterns to extract named entities and (non) taxonomic, equivalence, and composition relations. Next, named entities are linked and enriched with DBpedia resources through a strategy based on SPARQL queries. Finally, OWL properties are defined from the predicate relations for creating resource description framework (RDF) triples. We evaluated the performance of the proposed method to determine the degree of elements extracted from the input text and to assess their quality through standard information retrieval measures. The evaluation revealed the feasibility of the proposed method to extract RDF triples from datasets in general and computer science domains. Competitive results were observed by comparing our method regarding an existing approach from the literature.

ResumenLa robótica es considerada como una de las áreas de gran interés de la ciencia y la tecnología de hoy en día. La robotización, es decir, los sistemas automatizados, se encuentran en casi todos los sectores de la sociedad. En la industria, los robots son utilizados para soldar, transportar, montar y pintar piezas. En medicina, robots sofisticados ayudan a llevar a cabo cirugías complejas. En el sector militar, los robots son usados para explorar áreas hostiles. Por tal motivo, la robótica móvil y los sistemas autónomos son tópicos de creciente interés en los programas educativos de Ingeniería y Ciencias Computacionales. Por lo anterior, en este trabajo se presenta una revisión de las principales características de los robots educativos LEGO Mindstorms, examinando los entornos de desarrollo disponibles para la compilación de programas de software que permitan definir el comportamiento del robot. Además, un análisis de casos de éxito en la utilización de los robots NXT en programas educativos universitarios, así como su uso en prototipos en trabajos de investigación. AbstractNowadays, robotics is considered one of the main areas of interest in science and technology. In almost all sectors of the society we encounter the robotization, i.e., automated systems. In industry, robots are used for welding, transporting, assembling and painting pieces. In medicine, sophisticated robots help to conduct complex surgeries. In the military sector, robots are used to explore hostile areas. Therefore, mobile robotics and autonomous systems are topics of growing interest in Computer Science and Engineering careers. Therefore, in this paper we present a review of the main characteristics of the LEGO Mindstorms robots, examining the development environments available for compiling software programs that help to define the robot behavior. In addition, an analysis is carried out of success cases using NXT robots in university courses, as well as its use in research prototypes. Palabras claveLEGO, Robot, NXT, LeJOS, Sensor, Lenguaje de Programación.

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