Awareness on health hazards of fast foods needs to be taught at schools so as to minimize its consumption. Parents have to set an example themselves by not eating fast foods and improving home food to support discouragement of fast foods. This would minimize life style disorders among children to a greater extent.

No abstract

We all know that the basic building block of any analog circuit is the reference voltage generator. The objective of reference generation is to establish a DC voltage or current that is independent of the supply and process and has a well-defined behavior with temperature. Band Gap Reference (BGR) is one of the most popular reference generators. In the conventional BGR circuit, the reference voltage Vref is the summation of thermal voltage VT and the base to emitter voltage of a transistor (Vf).The thermal voltage VT has a (+Ve) temperature coefficient (TC), whereas Vf has a (-Ve) temperature coefficient (TC).So BGR is independent of temperature .The traditional BGR circuit generates a reference voltage about 1.12V.So this circuit limits a low supply-voltage operation below 1v. In this paper a new BGR circuit in 0.25μm technology is proposed which is containing a extra (-ve) feedback loop to gate very low reference voltage as well as to stabilize this reference voltage when it is operating below 1v .The TC of this reference generator is getting even zero by applying a (-ve) feedback loop. For a temperature variation between -20 0 C and 100 0 C, the produced reference voltage is absolutely independent of temperature variation together with the capability of operating at very low supply voltage (less than 1V).The high PSRR of this circuit can be modified by changing the feedback resistance value.

Reference voltages or currents that exhibit little dependence on temperature prove essential in many communication circuits. Since most process parameters vary with temperature, if a reference generator is temperature independent, then it is supply independent as well. The output voltage of the conventional BGR is 1.25V which limits the operation of the BGR below 1.2V supply. To overcome this problem we use the conception of ref [12] to get a BGR operating below 1V .But we modified the OPAMP as shown in fig 2, by using a current mirror active load to get a better result. But also the BGR obtained is not absolutely temperature independent. To make it absolutely temperature independent we use a (-ve) feedback loop, that feeds a little part of the output voltage to the input in out of phase.