Background:The HIV/AIDS epidemic has had a negative impact on Sub-Saharan Africa's development and has contributed to discrimination against those on the margins of society or those who are at risk of contracting the virus due to their behaviors, race, ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, or social characteristics. Against this backdrop, the purpose of this study is to examine the countries that could be considered in the same category and to investigate the concentration of diseases in relation to the socioeconomic status of Sub-Saharan African countries.Methods: HIV prevalence rates in Sub-Saharan African countries were studied using Cluster Analysis techniques. It was implemented using hierarchical (Agglomerative nesting) and partitioning methods (K-Means) in general. For cluster validation (a mechanism for evaluating the correctness of clustering), the relative type of validation was used.Results: HIV/AIDS prevalence increased steadily from 1990 (6.74) to 1995 (9.13), after which it began to fall to (2.60) in 2018. The analysis produced three clusters based on the 44 observations provided. After clustering, only Lesotho and Eswatini are in the third cluster. Over the course of the study, South Africa, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Namibia, Malawi, Mozambique, and Botswana had the highest HIV/AIDS prevalence. The rest of the world is classified as part of the first cluster. Conclusion:The high prevalence of HIV/AIDS in Sub-Saharan African countries has had a far-reaching impact. Understanding the variables that have influenced the path of the HIV/AIDS scourge is therefore critical, both from a humanitarian and economic standpoint, because it is a significant step toward eradicating the virus.

The volatility of equity returns for two beverages traded on the Nigerian stock exchange is the subject of this study. The ARCH effect test demonstrated that the two beverages disprove the claim that there is no ARCH effect. According to the preliminary analysis, both beverages were volatile. CGARCH and EGARCH were chosen as the best volatility models for Guinness Nigeria Plc returns and Nigeria Breweries returns, respectively, based on model selection criteria. The EGARCH model, on the other hand, rejected the idea that Guinness Nigeria Plc’s equity returns respond equally to negative and positive shocks of similar magnitude. This study’s findings suggest that the government should be cautious about how it manages inflation and foreign direct investment because they affect the rising stock price. Financial stability will likely be a more direct and explicit part of the macroeconomic responsibilities of central banks in the coming years.