We conclude that a pattern of zonal T1 variation does seem to exist that is unique for different sub-groups of FAI. The FA GRE approach to perform 3D T1 mapping has a promising role for further studies of standard MRI and dGEMRIC in the hip joint.

Purpose:To investigate the reproducibility of dGEMRIC in the assessment of cartilage health of the adult asymptomatic hip joint. Materials and Methods:Fifteen asymptomatic volunteers (mean age, 26.3 years Ϯ 3.0) were preliminarily studied. Any volunteer that was incidentally diagnosed with damaged cartilage on MRI (n ϭ 5) was excluded. Ten patients that had no evidence of prior cartilage damage (mean age, 26.2 years Ϯ 3.4) were evaluated further in this study. The reproducibility of dGEMRIC was assessed with two T1 Gd exams performed 4 weeks apart in these volunteers. The protocol involved an initial standard MRI to confirm healthy cartilage, which was then followed by dGEMRIC. The second scan included only the repeat dGEMRIC. Region of interest (ROI) analyses for T1 Gd -measurement was performed in seven radial reformats. Statistical analysis included the student's t-test and intra-class correlation (ICC) measurement to assess reproducibility. Results:Overall 70 ROIs were studied. Mean cartilage T1 Gd values at various loci ranged from 560.9 ms to 684.4 ms at the first set of readings and 551.5 ms to 662.2 ms in the second one. The mean difference per region of interest between the two T1 Gd -measurements ranged from 21.4 ms (3.7%) to 45.0 ms (6.8%), which was not found to be statistically significant (P ϭ 0.153). There was a high reproducibility detected (ICC range, 0.667-0.915). Intra-and Inter-observer analyses proved a high agreement for T1 Gd assessment (0.973 and 0.932). Conclusion:We found dGEMRIC to be a reliable tool in the assessment of cartilage health status in adult hip joints.

Context Standardized description of external genitalia is needed in the assessment of children with atypical genitalia. Objectives To validate the External Genitalia Score (EGS), to present reference values for preterm and term babies up to 24 months and correlate obtained scores with anogenital distances (AGDs). Design, Setting A European multicenter (n = 8) validation study was conducted from July 2016 to July 2018. Patients and Methods EGS is based on the external masculinization score but uses a gradual scale from female to male (range, 0–12) and terminology appropriate for both sexes. The reliability of EGS and AGDs was determined by the interclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Cross-sectional data were obtained in 686 term babies (0–24 months) and 181 preterm babies, and 111 babies with atypical genitalia. Results The ICC of EGS in typical and atypical genitalia is excellent and good, respectively. Median EGS (10th to 90th centile) in males < 28 weeks gestation is 10 (8.6–11.5); in males 28–32 weeks 11.5 (9.2–12); in males 33–36 weeks 11.5 (10.5–12) and in full-term males 12 (10.5–12). In all female babies, EGS is 0 (0-0). The mean (SD) lower/upper AGD ratio (AGDl/u) is 0.45 (0.1), with significant difference between AGDl/u in males 0.49 (0.1) and females 0.39 (0.1) and intermediate values in differences of sex development (DSDs) 0.43 (0.1). The AGDl/u correlates with EGS in males with typical genitalia and in atypical genitalia. Conclusions EGS is a reliable and valid tool to describe external genitalia in premature and term babies up to 24 months. EGS correlates with AGDl/u in males. It facilitates standardized assessment, clinical decision-making and multicenter research.