Purpose To establish normative data for macular thickness, macular volume and peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) thickness using Spectralis® spectral‐domain optical coherence tomography (SD‐OCT) in healthy German children and adolescents and investigate influencing factors. Methods The cross‐sectional study included the right eye of 695 children with at least one complete retinal OCT scan. As part of the LIFE Child study, the children underwent an ophthalmological examination including axial length (AL), spherical equivalent (SE) and OCT measurements. Various questionnaires were answered by the children or their parents to identify media use or outdoor time. Multiple linear regression models were used to investigate the potential influencing factors. Results A total of 342 boys and 353 girls with an average age (SD) of 12.91 (3.29) years participated. The mean AL (SD) was 23.20 (0.86) mm. The mean macular thickness (SD) was 320.53 (12.29) μm and the mean RNFL thickness (SD) was 102.88 (8.79) μm. Statistical analysis revealed a significant correlation between average macular thickness and age (p < 0.001, β = 0.77) as well as AL (p < 0.001, β = −4.06). In addition, boys had thicker maculae (p < 0.001, β = 5.36). The RNFL thickness showed no significant correlation with children's age (p > 0.05), but with AL (p = 0.002, β = −2.15), birth weight (p = 0.02, β = 0.003) and a gender‐specific effect of the body mass index standard deviation score for male participants (p = 0.02, β = 1.93). Conclusion This study provides normative data and correlations between macular and RNFL thickness in healthy German children. Especially age, gender and AL must be taken into account when evaluating quantitative OCT measurements to classify them as normal.