The legal status and social acceptance of same-sex partners' families vary to an astonishing degree, even within the European Union (EU). These differences are sharply reflected in the lives of lesbian, gay and bisexual (LGB) migrants from Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) residing in countries such as Belgium or the Netherlands, where same-sex partners can marry, access adoption and assisted reproductive technologies (ART) services, and acquire legal co-parenting rights. For this group, every visit to a CEE country of origin with a constitutional definition of marriage as a union between a man and a woman, with limited or no access to adoption services, nor to ART or co-parenting rights, highlights the societal and institutional vulnerability of their families. Based on biographical narrative interviews (BNIM) with six LGB migrants from selected CEE countries of origin, raising children with a same-sex partner in Belgium or the Netherlands, this study analyses how differences in wider socio-institutional frameworks shape experiences of LGB parents relating to the formation, display, recognition and acceptance of their families. The findings highlight how the restrictive legal and institutional frameworks not only exclude LGB individuals from full citizenship, but also provide support for the individual-level discrimination of non-heterosexual families. In contrast, inclusive frameworks allow LGB individuals to realize life and family trajectories already accessible to others in society, while also discouraging the expression of individual prejudice. Therefore, the study concludes that the only way to ensure full equality and to protect LGB individuals and their children from stigmatization is to create a fully inclusive socio-institutional framework for non-heterosexual families in which individual prejudice is no longer supported.

How do households with inactive or unemployed members face growing risks and uncertainty? The present study tackles this problem with a case study on Croatia, a country at the bottom of the European Union’s (EU) scale of economic activity rate. The low level of activity that has characterized Croatia for more than twenty years has been accompanied by a continuously high unemployment rate, which has further increased since 2009. In this context, households with (long-term) inactive or unemployed members have had to develop alternative coping strategies. In order to identify and examine these strategies, in 2014 we conducted a mixed-method study, including a quantitative survey of 453 households and 37 semi-structured interviews. We identified six household strategies, more or less ‘successful’ in terms of the household’s material position. In this essay we further examine these strategies’ characteristics and implications, with a focus on the profiles of households employing specific strategies.

The present study found that the textbook and newspaper presentations, primarily shaped by the 1990s nation-building elites, mainly portrayed Yugoslavia in negative political, economic and ethnic terms. However, findings from 72 in-depth interviews with the two young Croatian generations suggested that the influence of the dominant negative re-evaluations was limited, particularly among the vocationally educated individuals who were least exposed to the institutionalized presentations of the Yugoslav past. In contrast, the young Croats, independently of their differences, generally dominantly evaluated Yugoslavia in positive social terms, which was a perspective obtained from their parents and older people recounting their good lives in Yugoslavia. This perspective was appropriated not only because its sources were emotionally available and credible, but also because the social lens on Yugoslavia helped the young Croats make sense of their lives in the social insecurities of the contemporary Croatian society.ix Therefore, the present study showed how different beliefs on the Yugoslav past, available from different sources, were appropriated and used by the young Croats. I also proposedInteractional Model of Collective Memories Formation, which elaborated how the influences on the beliefs of the past were formed at the macro, micro and the level of social interaction. Finally, this study also illuminated how active actors reinterpreted the presentations of the past, thus demonstrating how individuals can use culture in diverse and adept ways. They wore their hair long, discovered LSD and pot They sang about peace, with Tito they were non-aligned On national basis, they were not divided It was easy to talk philosophy in a student mess, To be a penniless artist and a musician in-between In a place where things were working out all-right, where the state functioned It was easy to be a student in the 1970s My folks -they easily found their first job Nobody hit the unemployment office with a degree in their hands The living was good in that party system Nobody talked about Goli otok, you just changed the subject The students with their hair long got a degree and got a job, got their paycheck regularly You even could get an apartment from the United Work It was easy then to have big plans To make your own nest, to be relaxed, no tensions there To have your spot in the company reserved, in the selfmanagement committee as well You stayed until you retired -all your life at the same desk Everything didn't seem as a bluff, a cheap trick in those days Nobody went hungry They were happy in their little apartment Secure job and a retirement fund It was an easy decision to have us Nothing is the same anymore, there is no secure path There is no direct flight to the stars, to the better tomorrow Black-and- (born 1989-91), was born after the break-up, but it spent its formative years in democratizing post-Yugoslav period.Both these generations were hardly able to form mature meaningful evaluations of the past. 4Rather, for th...

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Usporedba ishoda djece iz obitelji istospolnih i raznospolnih partnera: osvrt na kvantitativne studije provedene na slučajnim reprezentativnim uzorcima Tanja Katoličko sveučilište u Louvainu, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgija tanja.vuckovic@uclouvain.be Većina istraživanja homoparentalnosti, koja su se počela provoditi krajem sedamdesetih i početkom osamdesetih godina 20. stoljeća u anglosaksonskom kontekstu, nije našla dokaza o štetnim ishodima djece lezbijki i gejeva koji bi bili posljedica seksualne orijentacije njihovih roditelja. Te su studije tipično bile ograničene malim uzorcima i uključivanjem samo obitelji lezbijki. Početkom 21. stoljeća počele su se provoditi kvantitativne studije koje uspoređuju ishode djece istospolnih i raznospolnih partnera na temelju slučajnih reprezentativnih uzoraka. Ovaj se rad sustavno osvrće na ta istraživanja, pri čemu se analiza fokusirala na trima točkama metodoloških prijepora koje su identificirane u literaturi o homoparentalnosti: karakteristike uzorka, pitanje operacionalizacije kategorije djece istospolnih parova i uključivanje kontrolne varijable obiteljske stabilnosti. Rezultati većine studija provedenih na slučajnim reprezentativnim uzorcima sukladni su nalazima prijašnjih istraživanja. Manjinu takvih studija koje nalaze neke statistički značajne razlike u štetnim ishodima djece obilježavaju ozbiljne metodološke zamjerke poput umjetnog povećavanja kategorije djece iz obitelji lezbijki i gejeva (primjerice, uključivanjem djece koja moguće ili vjerojatno nikad nisu odrastala u obitelji istospolnog para) i izostanka kontrolne varijable za obiteljsku stabilnost u analizama. Stoga se u ovom osvrtu zaključuje da znanstveno najkredibilnije kvantitativne studije provedene na slučajnim reprezentativnim uzorcima pružaju snažnu potporu zaključku mnoštva ranijih kvalitativnih i kvantitativnih studija provedenih na prigodnim uzorcima -nema uvjerljivih dokaza o razlikama u štetnim ishodima djece koju odgajaju istospolni i raznospolni partneri koje bi se mogle pripisati seksualnoj orijentaciji roditelja. VUČKOVIĆ JUROŠ Interdisciplinarni istraživački centar za obitelj i seksualnost (CIRFASE),Ključne riječi: djeca, dobrobit djece, štetni ishodi odgoja, obitelj, istospolni partneri, raznospolni partneri, homoparentalnost