No abstract

Human mobility is considered as one of the prominent non-pharmaceutical interventions to control the spread of the pandemic (positive effect from mobility to infection). Conversely, the spread of the pandemic triggered massive changes to people’s daily schedules by limiting their movement (negative effect from infection to mobility). The purpose of this study is to investigate this bi-directional relationship between human mobility and COVID-19 spread across U.S. counties during the early phase of the pandemic when infection rates were stabilizing and activity-travel behavior reflected a fairly steady return to normal following the drastic changes observed during the pandemic’s initial shock. In particular, we applied Structural Regression (SR) model to investigate a bi-directional relationship between COVID-19 infection rate and the degree of human mobility in a county in association with socio-demographic and location characteristics of that county, and state-wide COVID-19 policies. Combining U.S. county-level cross-sectional data from multiple sources, our model results suggested that during the study period, human mobility and infection rate in a county both influenced each other, but in an opposite direction. Metropolitan counties experienced higher infection and lower mobility than non-metropolitan counties in the early stage of the pandemic. Counties with highly infected neighboring counties and more external trips had a higher infection rate. During the study period, community mitigation strategies, such as stay at home order, emergency declaration, and non-essential business closure significantly reduced mobility whereas public mask mandate significantly reduced infection rates. The findings of this study will provide important insights to policy makers in understanding the two-way relationship between human mobility and COVID-19 spread and to derive mobility-driven policy actions accordingly.

No abstract

Healthcare is one of the basic needs for human beings. Unfortunately, a densely populated country like Bangladesh has always struggled to provide adequate healthcare to all of its people, especially to the rural population. To handle with huge amount of data and coordination between the doctors and patients, electronic health record system (EHR) has become a necessity. During this Covid-19 pandemic, face to face consultation between frontline workers like doctors, and nurse and patients has become difficult. As a result, many patients are having difficulty in getting treatment from doctors. In Bangladesh’s perspective at this moment, a cost effective, energy efficient and portable device system is needed to build up a customized Electronic health record system. The proposed system can reduce medical errors about patient identification and treatment, increase effectiveness and timeliness of doctors and overall improve the health care of people of the rural area. Therefore, an easy to use, affordable, user-friendly E customized EHR system design is proposed in this paper by utilizing recent wireless communication techniques that will give the rural people better health service.

No abstract